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BIOC Agent 003's course in basic telecommunication
NOTICE: TO ALL CONCERNED Certain text files and messages contained on this site deal with activities and devices which would be in violation of various Federal, State, and local laws if actually carried out or constructed. The webmasters of this site do not advocate the breaking of any law. Our text files and message bases are for informational purposes only. We recommend that you contact your local law enforcement officials before undertaking any project based upon any information obtained from this or any other web site. We do not guarantee that any of the information contained on this system is correct, workable, or factual. We are not responsible for, nor do we assume any liability for, damages resulting from the use of any information on this site.
BIOC AGENT 003'S COURSE IN [BASIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS] Part III
Revised 18-July-84 Word Processed by Tharrys Ridenow
[PREFACE]:
In Part III, we will discuss the dialing procedures for domestic as well as
international dialing. We will also take a look at the telephone numbering
plan.
NORTH AMERICAN NUMBERING PLAN
In North America, the telephone numbering plan is as follows:
A) A 3 digit Numbering Plan Area (NPA) Code (Area Code [A/C])
B) A 7 digit telephone number consisting of a 3 digit Central Office (CO)
code plus a 4 digit station number.
These 10 digits are called the network address or destination code. It is
in the format of:
AREA CODE TELEPHONE NUMBER
nyx nxx-xxxx
Where: n= a digit from 2-9, y= 0 or 1, and x= a digit 0-9
AREA CODES:
Check your telephone book or the seperate listing of area codes found on
many BBS's. Here are the Special Area Codes (SAC's):
510: TWX (USA)
610: TWX (Canada)
700: New service
710: TWX (USA)
800: Wide Area Telephone Service (WATS)
810: TWX (USA)
900: Dial-it services
910: TWX (USA)
The other area codes never cross state lines, therefore each state must
have at least one exclusive NPA code. When a community is split by a state
line, the CO #'s are often interchangable (i.e., you can dial the same # from 2
different area codes).
TWX:
TWX (Telex II) consists of 5 teletypewriter area codes. They are owned by
Western Union. These SAC's may only be reached via other TWX machines. Be-
sides the TWX #'s, these machines are routed to normal telephone #'s. TWX
machines always respond with an answerback. For example, WU's FYI TWX # is
(910) 988-5956, the corresponding real number to this is (201) 279-5956. The
answerback for this service is "WU FYI MAWA."
If you don't want to buy a TWX machine, you can still send TWX messages us-
ing Easylink [(800) 325-4112: see TUC's and my article entitled "Hacking
Western Union's Easylink"].
700:
At the time of this writing, the 700 exchange does not yet exist. AT&T
plans to use it soon, though. They plan to make it a kind of fancy call for-
warding service. It will be targetted towards salesmen on the run.
To understand how it works, I'll explain it with an example. Let's say Joe
Q. Salespig works for AT&T Security and he is on the run chasing a phreak
around the country that royally screwed up an important COSMOS system. Let's
say that Joe's 700 # is (700) 382-5968. Every time Joe goes to a new hotel, he
dials a special 700 #, enters a code, and the # where he is staying. Now, if
his boss decided that he needed to get in touch with Joe, FAST, all he would
have to do is dial (700) 382-5968, and it would ring whatever number Joe last
programmed it to. Neat, huh?
800: Wide Area Telephone Service (WATS)
This SAC is one of my favorites since it allows for toll-free calls.
Inward WATS (INWATS): Inward Wide Area Telecommunications Service is the 800
#'s that we are all familiar with. 800 #'s are set up in service areas or
bands. There are 6 of these. Band 6 is the largest and you can call a band 6
# from anywhere in the US except in the state where the call is terminated
(this is why most companies have 1 800 # for the country and then another for
just one state). Band 5 includes the 48 contiguous states. All the way down
to band 1 which includes only the states contiguous to that one. Therefore,
less people can reach a band 1 INWATS # than a band 6 #.
Intrastate INWATS #'s (ie, you can call it from only one state) always have
a 2 as the last digit in the exchange (ie, 800-nx2-xxxx). The nxx on 800 #'s
represents the area where the business is located. For example, an 800 # 800-
431-xxxx would terminate at a New York CO.
800 #'s always end up in a hunt series in a CO. This means that it tries
the first # allocated to the company for their 800 lines; if this is busy it
will then try the next #, etc. You must have a minimum of 2 lines per each 800
#. For example, Travelnet uses a hunt series. If you dial (800) 521-8400, it
will first try the # associated with 8400; if it is busy it will go the next
available port, etc. INWATS customers are billed by the # of hours of calls
that are made to their number.
Outward WATS (OUTWATS): OUTWATS are for making outgoing calls only. Large
companies use OUTWATS since they receive bulk-rate discounts. Since OUTWATS
#'s cannot have incoming calls, they are in the format of (800) *xx-xxxx where
* is the digit 0 or 1 which cannot be dialed unless you box the call. The *xx
identifies the type of service and the areas that the company can call.
Remember: INWATS + OUTWATS = WATS Extender (see part I)
900:
This dial-it SAC is a nationwide dial-it service. It is used for taking
television polls and other stuff. The first minute currently costs an outra-
geous 50 cents and each additional minute costs 35 cents. Bell takes in a lot
of revenue this way.
Dial (900) 555-1212 to find out what is currently on the service.
CO CODES:
These identify the switching office where the call is to be routed.
The following CO codes are reserved nationwide:
555 - Directory Assistance
844 - Time ] These are now both in
936 - Weather ] the 976 exchange...
950 - Future Services
958 - Plant Test
959 - Plant Test
970 - Plant Test (temporary)
976 - Dial-it services
Also, the 3 digit ANI and ringback #'s are regarded as a Plant Test and are
thus reserved. These numbers vary from area to area. [See pt. II for more
info on ANI and Ringback.]
950:
[Also see pt. I] Here are the services that are currently on the 950 ex-
change:
1000 - SPC (SPRINT)
1022 - MCI Execunet
1033 - US Telephone
1044 - AllNet
1066 - LexiTel
1088 - SBS Skyline
These SCC's (Specialised Common Carriers) are free from fortresses!
Plant Tests:
These include ANI, Ringback, and other various tests.
976:
Dial 976-1000 to see what is currently on the service. Also, many BBS's
have a listing of these #'s.
N11 CODES:
Bell is trying to phase some of these out, but they still exist in many
areas:
011 - International Dialing Prefix
211 - Coin Refund Operator
411 - Directory Assistance
611 - Repair Service
811 - Business Office
911 - Emergency!
INTERNATIONAL DIALING
With international dialing, the world has been divided into 9 numbering
codes.
To make an international call, you must dial:
International Prefix + Country Code + National #
In North America, the international dialing prefix is 011 for station-to-
station calls and 01 for operator-serviced calls. IDDD stands for Internation-
al Direct Distance Dialing.
The country code, which varies from 1 to 3 digis, always has the world
numbering zone as the first digit. For example, the country code for the Unit-
ed Kingdom is 44, thus it is in world numbering zone 4.
Some boards may contain a complete listing of other country codes (check
your local white pages), but here are a few:
1 - North America (U.S.A., Canada, etc.)
20 - Egypt
258 - Mozambique
34 - Spain
49 - Germany
52 - Mexico (Southern portion)
61 - Australia
7 - USSR
81 - Japan
98 - Iran
If you call from an area other than North America, the format is generally
the same. For example, let's say you want to call the White House from
Switzerland. First you would dial 00 (Swiss international dialing prefix),
then 1 (United States country code), followed by 202-456-1414 (the national #
for the White House).
Also, country code 87 is reserved for Maritime Mobile Service, ie calling
ships:
871 - Marisat (Atlantic)
872 - Marisat (Pacific)
873 - Marisat (Indian)
International Switching:
In North America, there are currently 7 #4 ESS's that perform the duty of
ISC (International Switching Centers). All international calls dialed from
numbering zone 1 will be routed through one of these "gateway cities." They
are:
182 - White Plains, New York
183 - New York, New York
184 - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
185 - Orlando, Florida
186 - Oakland, California
187 - Denver, Colorado
188 - New York, New York
The 18X series are operator routing codes for overseas access (to be further
discussed with Blue Boxes). All international calls use a signaling system
called CCITT. It is an international standard for signaling.
COMING SOON:
In Part IV, we will discuss switching equipment, various operators, CO
types, et cetera.
References/Acknowledgements: Notes on the Network, AT&T; TAP, room 603, 147
W 42 st., New York, NY 10036; Understanding Telephone Electronics, and many
others/TUC, Mulcher ][, Cheshire Catalyst, and many others who have contributed
in one way or another to this article.
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