|
|
 |
|
|
|
register |
bbs |
search |
rss |
faq |
about
|
|
|
meet up |
add to del.icio.us |
digg it
|
|
|
|
Public E- mail Systems - ADministration Management
NOTICE: TO ALL CONCERNED Certain text files and messages contained on this site deal with activities and devices which would be in violation of various Federal, State, and local laws if actually carried out or constructed. The webmasters of this site do not advocate the breaking of any law. Our text files and message bases are for informational purposes only. We recommend that you contact your local law enforcement officials before undertaking any project based upon any information obtained from this or any other web site. We do not guarantee that any of the information contained on this system is correct, workable, or factual. We are not responsible for, nor do we assume any liability for, damages resulting from the use of any information on this site.
Public E-Mail Systems (X.400 ADMDs) Ver 4, 7.07.1992
by L. Willms
=====================================================================
This list of 122 ADMDs in 53 countries is compiled using
connection matrices from several domains, DE;DBP, CH;ARCOM, US;MCI,
US;ATTMAIL and US;TELEMAIL but also from AT;ADA, GB;TMAILUK, and
HK;INET.HK. It is inofficial, but the most complete list publicly
available.
What is an ADMD?
ADMD stands for ADminstration Management Domain. This term is
from the international standard known by its CCITT reference number
X.400. That standard was created to lay the basis for a unified
worldwide e-mail network. This is to function by the cooperation of
independent operators of public and private e-mail system operators,
each managing their own domain. There is no single international
authority, be it a government, company or international body
assigning names and addresses.
X.400 defines a two-level domain structure. Level-1 domains are
called ADMD and level-2 domains PRMD (PRivate Management Domain). "In
one country one or more ADMDs can exist. An ADMD is characterized by
its provision of relaying functions between other Management Domains
and the provision of Message Transfer Service for the applications
provided within the ADMD" (F.400, section 7.3.3), while a PRMD (or
level-2 domain) "is characterized by the provision of messaging
functions" just within its own domain (F.400, section 7.3.4)
PRMDs, operated by companies or organizations mainly for their
own purposes of intra-company communications, use ADMDs as the e-mail
hubs between themselves nationally and internationally. For PRMDs
using the transfer services of different ADMDs, or mailboxes set up
within the ADMDs themselves, this requires that their respective
ADMDs have built a link between them. This could be a direct link or
a relay through another ADMD.
That X.400 talks a lot about administrations is due to the fact
that the CCITT is part of the ITU (International Telecommunications
Union), which as sub-organisation of the United Nations rather groups
governmental bodies, i.e. administrations. But today ADMDs are
operated by a number of private companies, and the deregulation of
telecommunication in many countries turns the PTTs from
administrations to private businesses.
Routing
The main part of the electronic address is the unique domain
identifier which consists of 2 or 3 parts: Country-Code, ADMD-Name,
and optionally, PRMD-Name. In direct PRMD-to-PRMD traffic, bypassing
the ADMDs, the PRMD should use just a space as ADMD name. The two
letter country codes being used here are defined in IS 3166. The name
of an ADMD or PRMD can be up to 16 characters long. Knowing how to
reach the ADMD is enough knowledge to reach all PRMDs attached to
that ADMD. 1984 and 1988 X.400 uses static routing between domains.
Strong forces in the ISO standardization body want to get PRMDs
to use the space as ADMD-name also in public messaging, i.e. using
ADMDs as relays. This effectively reduces the 2-level domain
structure to one level. Since current X.400 software has no dynamic
routing protocols implemented, this would require most domains to
enter not only all ADMDs, but every PRMD in static routing tables.
Please note that an e-mail system which aims at playing the role
of an ADMD does not automatically have links with other ADMDs. These
links are being built on a bilateral basis, mostly based on a
bilateral service agreement following CCITT recommendation D.36. This
is due to a) commercial considerations, since the receiving ADMD does
not want to bear all costs of further relay to PRMDs, but wants a
share in the price paid to the sending e-mail system; and b) due to
the fact that the ADMDs should be and are concerned that the link to
the other ADMD is reliable. So be aware that when e.g. CompuServe
acting as an ADMD has a link to ATTMAIL (all countries) and WESTERN
UNION (Easylink), these links cannot be used for connections to other
ADMDs which ATTMAIL or WESTERN UNION have links to (e.g. DE;DBP,
FR;ATLAS etc). Although this would be technically possible,
Compuserve would need a bilateral agreement on its own with the
actual target ADMD.
Addresses
Please note that most forms of an X.400 address are not an
ordered string of digits or letters, but a rather lose collection of
attributes. It is comparable not to a telephone or telex number, but
rather to a postal address consisting of several components. This is
an important difference to the SMTP/RFC822 address used in Internet
mail. An X.400 address can be just a terminal address (telex or fax),
and RFC822 addresses can be carried as Domain Defined Attributes.
X.400 style addresses are best entered in full screen forms, not a
single line. See the appendix for an example template for the four
different address formats.
Features
The CCITT has set targets times within which 95% of all messages
should be delivered, and limits, after which a non-delivery report is
forced. The limits are 4 hours for urgent, 24 hours for normal, and
36 hours for non-urgent deliveries, the 95% targets are 45 minutes, 4
hours and 24 hours respectively (F.410, section 4.4). 95% of my
messages are actually delivered within 5 minutes.
The body of a message carries information about its type - it
can be simple 7-bit-ASCII, the full 8-bit character set as defined
for Teletex (T.61, IS6937), or some undefined binary. Digitized
voice, encryption, and others are defined, too, but hardly used. All
domains support ASCII, a growing number supports undefined binary
(Body Part 14) and many, especially in Europe, support TTX (Teletex).
Disclaimers and Acknowledgements
I did not check if every ADMD operator listed here has followed
any national registration rules which might be required in the
respective countries. Also I have to refuse any legal liability for
the information herein contained.
The countries are sorted within an arbitrary sequence of world
regions (I followed the lead of the WRTH, the World Radio and
Television Handbook) and by their country names in English.
I want to thank Chris Blunt from HongKong, Walter Tietz of DBP
Telekom, Maurice Walshe of BT, Hans Pronk of Erasmus University
Rotterdam, and some people at MCI International, who have been
helpful by comments, critiques and some hints. Tony Whyman's critique
has helped to clarify this introduction. The responsibility for any
entry in or omission from this list and for any errors is of course
exclusively mine (some questionable entries are marked with ????).
Any corrections, additions and comments are welcome; send it to:
Lueko Willms; in domain DE;DBP; (s=Willms;g=Lueko;c=DE;a=DBP),
or at CompuServe ID 100021,64,
or within the Internet at 100021.64@compuserve.com
=====================================================================
Public E-Mail Hubs (X.400 ADMDs) Version 4, 07.07.1992
Region____________________________________________________________________
Country............. Operator CC ADMD-Name
Europe______________________________________________________________________
Austria............. IBM Information Network............... AT IBMX400
.. Radio Austria......................... AT ADA
Belgium............. IBM Information Network............... BE IBMX400
.. RTT................................... BE RTT
Britain............. AT&T Easylink Services................ GB ATTMAIL
.. BT plc (British Telecom).............. GB GOLD 400
.. BT plc (British Telecom).............. GB BT
.. GEISCO (General Electric IS).......... GB MARK400
.. IBM Information Network............... GB IBMX400
.. Mercury Communications Ltd............ GB CWMAIL
.. Sprint International UK............... GB TMAILUK
.. Sprint International UK............... GB TELEMAIL
Bulgaria............ ??.................................... BG BULMAIL
CIS (ex-USSR)....... Sovmail / Sprint Networks USSR........ SU SOVMAIL
Croatia............. HPT Hrvatska.......................... HR CRO400
Czechoslovakia...... IBM Information Network............... CS IBMX400
Denmark............. ComLink .............................. DK BUSINESS-MAIL
.. IBM Information Network............... DK IBMX400
.. Telecom Denmark....................... DK TELDK
.. Telecom Denmark, J?tland Tel.......... DK DK400
Finland............. HTC (Helsinki Telephone).............. FI ELISA
.. IBM Information Network............... FI IBMX400
.. PT&T Telematics....................... FI MAILNET
France.............. IBM Information Network............... FR IBMX400
.. Transpac.............................. FR ATLAS
Germany............. DBP Telekom........................... DE DBP
.. GEISCO (General Electric IS).......... DE MARK400
.. IBM Information Network............... DE IBMX400
Greece.............. OTE (Hellenic Telecomm. Organization). GR OTE
Hungary............. IBM Information Network............... HU IBMX400
Iceland............. ?????................................. IS ISHOLF ????
.. IBM Information Network............... IS IBMX400
Ireland............. IBM Information Network............... IE IBMX400
.. Telecom Eireann....................... IE EIRMAIL 400
Italy............... Amministrazione PT.................... IT PTPOSTEL
.. IBM Information Network............... IT IBMX400
.. Italcable............................. IT OMEGA400
.. Teleo SpA............................. IT MASTER400
.. Teleo SpA............................. IT MASTER400T
Liechtenstein....... IBM Information Network............... LI IBMX400
Lithuania........... Litpak (PTT?)......................... LT LITPAK ????
Luxemburg........... IBM Information Network............... LU IBMX400
Monaco.............. IBM Information Network............... MC IBMX400
Netherlands......... GEISCO (General Electric IS).......... NL MARK400
.. IBM Information Network............... NL IBMX400
.. PTT Telecom........................... NL 400NET
Norway.............. IBM Information Network............... NO IBMX400
.. Telepost ............................. NO TELEMAX
.. Televerket (Academic Research Network) NO UNINETT
Poland.............. PTT Polen............................. PL POLECOM**?
Portugal............ Marconi SVA........................... PT MARCONI-SVA
.. Sevatel............................... PT GOLDMAIL
Slovenia............ SP PTT Slovenia <25.7. repl. YU;MAIL>. SI MAIL
Spain............... IBM Information Network............... ES IBMX400
.. Telefonica Servicios.................. ES MENSATEX
Sweden.............. GEISCO (General Electric IS).......... SE MARK400
.. IBM Information Network............... SE IBMX400
.. Scandinavian Info Link................ SE SIL
.. Teledelta AB (Televerket)............. SE TEDE
Switzerland......... GEISCO (General Electric IS).......... CH MARK400
.. IBM Information Network............... CH IBMX400
.. PTT GD Telecom........................ CH ARCOM
Yugoslavia.......... IBM Information Network............... YU IBMX400
.. SP PTT Slovenia <25.7. new CC: SI>.... YU MAIL
Africa______________________________________________________________________
South Africa........ Gentel/SAPT........................... ZA TELKOM400
.. Gentel/SAPT........................... ZA BELTEL ????
.. IBM Information Network............... ZA IBMX400
West Asia___________________________________________________________________
Israel.............. BEZEQ................................. IL BEZEQ
Kuwait.............. ???? ................................. KW KEMS
Turkey.............. IBM Information Network............... TR IBMX400
UAE Un.Arab.Emirate. Etisalat Abu Dhabi.................... AE EMNET
Asia________________________________________________________________________
China............... Telecoms General Directorate (Beijing) CN CHINAMAIL.BJ
.. Telecoms General Directorate (Shanghai CN CHINAMAIL.SH
Hongkong............ Hong Kong Telecom..................... HK TELECOM
.. Hutchison Inet........................ HK INET.HK
.. IBM Information Network............... HK IBMX400
India............... Videsh Sanchar Nigam.................. IN VSNB
Japan............... ACE Telemail.......................... JP ATI
.. IBM Information Network............... JP IBMX400
.. KDD................................... JP KDD
.. NTT................................... JP NTTPC
Korea (ROK)......... DACOM Corp............................ KR DACOMMHS
Malaysia............ STM (Syarikat Telekom Malaysia Berhad) MY STM.TELEMAIL
Singapore........... Telecoms.............................. SG SGMHS
Taiwan.............. ITA (Int'l. Telecomm. Admin.)......... TW PIPMAIL
.. TTN (Taiwan Telecom. Network)......... TW TTNMAIL
Thailand............ CAT (Communication Authority Thailand) TH CAT**?
Pacific_____________________________________________________________________
Australia........... IBM Information Network............... AU IBMX400
.. OTC................................... AU OTC
.. Telecom Plus.......................... AU TELEMEMO
.. Telecom Plus.......................... AU TEXTFILE ????
New Zealand......... IBM Information Network............... NZ IBMX400
.. Netway Communications Ltd............. NZ STARNET
.. Synet Communications.................. NZ SYNET
North America_______________________________________________________________
Canada.............. AT&T Easylink Services................ CA ATTMAIL
.. Canada Post........................... CA CPCMHS
.. GEISCO (General Electric IS).......... CA MARK400
.. IBM Information Network............... CA IBMX400
.. Infonet............................... CA INFONET
.. Stentor CNM <Envoy 100>............... CA TELECOM.CANADA
.. Teleglobe Canada Inc.................. CA TELEGLOBE
Mexico.............. IBM Information Network............... MX IBMX400
USA................. AT&T Easylink Services................ US ATTMAIL
.. AT&T Easylink Services................ US WESTERN UNION
.. Bell Atlantic......................... US BAMAIL
.. Bell South............................ US BELLSOUTH
.. BT North America...................... US DIALCOM
.. BT North America...................... US BT
.. Compuserve ........................... US COMPUSERVE
.. GEISCO (General Electric IS).......... US MARK400
.. IBM Information Network............... US IBMX400
.. Infonet............................... US INFONET
.. MCI International..................... US MCI
.. Pacific Bell.......................... US PACBELL
.. Sprint................................ US TELEMAIL
Central America & Caribbean_________________________________________________
Costa Rica.......... Radiografica Costaricense S.A......... CR RACSAMAIL
South America_______________________________________________________________
Argentina........... IBM Information Network............... AR IBMX400
.. S.G.M. Computaci?n S.A................ AR TOTAL-NET ????
Brazil.............. Embratel.............................. BR EMBRATEL
.. Embratel.............................. BR EMBRATEL.INTL
Chile............... VTR Telecomunicaciones................ CL TOMMAIL
Venezuela........... IBM Information Network............... VE IBMX400
Any comments or updates per E-Mail to:
- Lueko WILLMS in Domain: DE;DBP; (c=DE;a=DBP;s=Willms;g=Lueko).
or CompuServe ID: 100021,64
** ADMD-Name not sure
==============================================================================
Appendix ===
This is a template for an X.400 Address (ORDescriptor)
---- Free Form Name of Addressee -- (optional and informational only) -------
Attention of: Name
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Phone for notifications:
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Now select one of the four address forms:
1) ---- Menmonic Address: Personal Name and Organizational Affiliation ------
Last Name
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Given Name Initials Generation
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%% %%%
Organization or Company Name
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Organizational Units (Hierarchical Department Structure)
1: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
3: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 4: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
2) ---- Terminal Address ----------------------------------------------------
Network Address Terminal Id (Answerback) Terminal Type
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%
X.121 Address (Telex/G3Fax/G4Fax/Teletex)
8+TDC+Telex TDC = F.69 Telex Destination Code
9+IDD+Telephone IDD = Telephone Country Code for
International Direct Dial
3) ---- Numeric User Address ------------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
4) ---- Postal Address ------------------------------------------------------
Country: %% e-Post Service: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Postal Code: %%%%%%%%
Name: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% (i.e. Personal Name)
Adressees Organization and similar information
Org.: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% (e.g. Company, Department)
More: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Address: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%% Select Address Type *)
More: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% further address info
City %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% or Post Office Name
Postal Address Type is one of
Street, P.O.Box, Poste Restante, Unique Postal Name
---- Domain --------------------------------------------------------------
Country: %% ADMD: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% PRMD: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Domain defined Attributes
Type: %%%%%%%% Value: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Type: %%%%%%%% Value: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Type: %%%%%%%% Value: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Type: %%%%%%%% Value: %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
---- End of X.400 email address ------------------------------------------
|
|
|
To the best of our knowledge, the text on this page may be freely reproduced and distributed.
If you have any questions about this, please check out our Copyright Policy.
totse.com certificate signatures
|
|
|
About | Advertise | Bad Ideas | Community | Contact Us | Copyright Policy | Drugs | Ego | Erotica
FAQ | Fringe | Link to totse.com | Search | Society | Submissions | Technology
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TSHIRT HELL T-SHIRTS
|
