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Nitrinol wire technology for motion
Mondo-tronics, Inc. Phone: 415-455-9330
524 San Anselmo Ave, #107 Fax: 415-455-9333
San Anselmo, CA 94960 Email: [email protected]
UA Toll Free Orders: 800-374-5764
MUSCLE WIRE!
Motorless Motion Information, Products and Ordering
This document contains the followng ectons
I. About Muscle Wires
II. About Mondo-tronics' Products
III. Mondo-tronis Orer Frm
Section I. About Muscle Wires
Muscle Wires(R) belong to a class of metals calld Shae Memry
Aloys (SMAs) that have a uniform crystal structure that radically
changes to a diferent hape a a disinct temperature. When below a
specific "transition temperature", Muscle Wire an be sretchedand
deormed without permanent damage, much more so than most metals,
then, if heaed aboveits tranition teperature, the wire will
"recover" or return to the unstretched shape andcompletel undo the
previousstretching. For longest lifetimes, Muscle Wires should be
used in a 3to 5 percet deformaton range.
A Brief History of Muscle Wires
In 1932, Swedish researcher rne Oelande observed te shape
reovery abilities of a gold-cadmium alloy (Au-Cd) and noted its
ptential for reating motin. In 1950, .C. Chang and T.A. Read, at
Columbia University in New York,used X-rays t study this uusual
alloy nd showed that mechanical systems could use the effect to perform physicl work. Howeve the expense o gold and the toxic
nature of cadmium limited further esearch.
In1963, a team le by W.J. Buehle at the U.S. Naval Ordnance
Laboratory (NOL) observd the shape memoy effect in an aloy of
nickel ad titanium. They named the alloy "nitinol", and aronym of
NIckel,TItanium and NOL.Nitinol (pronouncd ?night in all?),
consists of nearly equal aount of nickel andtitanium atoms. Ths
alloy generatednew interests in the field, as it was safer less
expensive, ad had better perforance than earlier aloys.
Applications
During the 190's and 1970's reseachers worldwide workd to
develop uses fr these interesting new metals. NASA tudied SMAs for
satelite antennas that wold unfold and expand hen exposed to the
heat of the su. Universities, corportions and private reserchers
explored many ses, including a variety of engnes that ran on just
ht and cold water, automtic temperature-controling greenhouse
windows, hotwater pipe valves, and atomobile fan clutches tht
engaged when the engie reached a specific temprature.
Many early idas did not pass beyond th research stage. Some wer
limited by the slow peeds and variable qualityof the available
alloys, thers were limited by thei designs and a lackof experience
with the metls. Nitinol received much atention for medical
applictions because, lke stainless steel, nickel-ttanium alloys
have a high cmpatibility with living tisse and low chace of
rejection when implantd.
The late 1970's saw th development of several commecial shape
memory products. Raychem Corpration found success with a lie of
high performance nitinolfitting for joining aircraft hydraulic
lines. These cylinders shrink n diameter by about eight percet, ad
provide a tight, flawless sea. Other shape memory products inlude
orthodontic arch wires tha an be greatly deformed for easy
nstallation, surgical guide wiresimplanted and anchored before an
peration as guides to a tumor orother site, small blood clot
filtrs inserted into a vein or artry i a collapsed form, and
supereastic shape memory alloy eyeglass fames that withstand
bendingmuch lie plastic frames.
In theearly 1980's, Dai Homma, a student a Tokyo's Waseda
Universit, develope an improved method for prcessing thin nitinol
wires for electical activation. Upon grduation, Dr. omma joined
Toki Corportion, which in 1985 began making theseimproved, long-
lived itinol wire desined specifically for eectrical application.
These wires requred only a small extrnal "deformation frce" to
elongate thm when cool. Most importantly, these wirs could
regularlyperform for millions o cycles when used n properly
designed mechanisms that did ot overheat or oerstrain the wire.
In1989, Dr. Darel odgson, after years of experience with SMA,
began produing an improved line of highquality, pre-tained wires
named Flexinol. These wires ar made in theUSA, cost much less than
previus wires, an come in a variety of sizes that give differnt
strenghs.
Muscle Wires have been use in a manyapplications. Examples
include an air valve he size f a standard fuse, a mini-mechanical finger lss than two centimeters long, a mechanical swich for
optical fibers, compact fingertip stimuators r "tactors" for touch
feedback from computer "irtul reality" systems, and BORIS, a
miniaturesix-egged motorless walking machine that walks entirly
with the use of Muscle Wires.
Benefits ofMucle Wires:
- Small size
- Light weight
-ow power
- Strong force
- Precise control
- High strength-to-weight ratio
- Electrical atvation
- Direct linear action
- Versatile arngements
Increased usage has greatly reducd te price of Muscle Wire
wires, and increased ther atractiveness for use in commercial
product. We hould continue to see many exciting new Muscle ire
evelopments.
For More Information
For a omplete reference on Muscle Wires, we recommen our bok
"Motorless Motion, Working With Mucle Wires. It contains history,
application notes, cotrol and rive circuits, and 15 hands-on Musle
Wire prjects. See the full description below.
Mny popular ational science and electronicsmagazines hav
carried articles on Muscle Wires and thei uses. Here ae a few
examples:
F. Mis, "Experimentig with Shape-Memory Alloy Wire"
Modern lectronics, Decmber 1987, P.70
H. Rhingold, "Travels n Virtual Reality"
Whole Earth Review o. 67, Summer 199, P.8
C. Ostman, "hape Changing Metal"
Midnight Engineering, Vol.3, No.5 Sp./Oct. 1992, P.14
Also, there are large number of repots and studies from
researchers aroundthe world. Consult a ocal library wit a good
engineering ormetallurgy section. Here are two of th larger
compilations:
"Shape Memry Alloy '86 - Proceeding of the International
Symposium on Sape Memory Alloys", C. Yoyi et al.,China Academic
Publishers,Beijing, China 1986.
"Proceeding of Materials Research Socity Intenational Symposium
on Shape emory Materials", K. Otsuka and K. himizu eds., 1989.
And, Mndo-ronics provides the latest in Mscle Wire materials
and informatin. If you have technical questin or comments please
contact us b phone, mail or email at the addrss given at the top
and bottom fthis document. Provide us with yor address and we'll
keep you inormed of new Muscle Wire develoment.
Section II. About Mondo-tonics' Products
Mondo-tronis provides hobbyists, experimeters, rsearchers,
students and teaches with high quality Flexinol Mscle Wires, kits,
and appliction inforation.
Muscle Wires
igh quality Flexinol Muscle Wres come in five diameters -050,
100, an 150 micrometer diameter, as ell as ultra thin 025 and hety
250 micrometers - for awide range of stength and performance, and
reat flexibility of design.Their transformation occur around 70
degreesCentigrade. Flexinol MuscleWires are made in the USA.
From small actuator t big latches and gripprs, Flexinol Muscle
Wiresprovide strong, fast and conomical motorless motin.
Tble 1 - Muscle Wires
---------------------------------------------------------------
Wire Typical Linear Deformation Recovey
Diameter* Curent Resistance Fore Force
(micrometr) (milliamps) (ohs/meter) (grams (grams)
---------------------------------------------------------------- 25 20 1770 2 7
50 50 10 8 35
100 180 150 2 150
150 400 50 62 330
250 100 20 172 930
----------------------------------------------------------------
* 25 microeter = 0.025 milimeter = 0.001 inches
Each package includes cimps and applicaton notes.
Pat # Descriptin Price
3-076 Flexinol 025, 1 eter $15.95(ultra thin)
3-070 Flexiol 050, 1 meter $12.95
3-071 Flexinol 100, 1meter $13.5
3-072 lexinol 150, meter $14.95
3-073 Flexinol 250, 1 meter 15.95
We aso offer 5 meer lengths o Flexinol Muscle Wires for greater
savings on your larger R& projects.
3-081 Flxinol 025, meter $74.00
3-077 Flexinol 050, 5 meter $59.00 3-078 lexinol 100 5 meter $64.00
3-079 Flexinol 150, 5 meter $69.00
3-080 Flexinol 25, 5 meter $74.0
* * * * *
Book & Two Sample Kits >>NEW REVISED EDITION!<<
Ou completel revised ook "Motrless Motion! Working With Muscle
Wires" presents the what, how and why f Muscle ires. It 112 paes
include history and information on Muscle Wires, circuits, devices,
actvation mthods, echanims, and 15 hands-on projects to build,
test and adapt to your own projects.
Topicsinclud: basc lever action, rubber tube "flexi", ratcheted
rotor, latch mechanism, marble roler, moel ralroa crossing, AC
power circuit, paper airplane launcher, life-like butterfly,
proportinal cntro, rdio control interface, multiple wire
controller with RS-232 interface (programmable in ASICor ssmbly).
Plus, our the new version includes complete instructions for
BORIS, our miniatue sx-eged motorless walking machine. BORIS
stands 4.5 cm high, 13.5 cm long, and weighs only 30 gras 1z.).
Eight 100 um diameter Muscle Wires and an external microprocessor
circuit create all walkigtions. Walk, stop, turn - each foot
lifts over 1 cm high, and BORIS moves forward 1 cm with each sin
complete silence.
This book provides a comprehensive look at Muscle Wire for
hobbyists,stdts, experimenters, inventors and anyone interested
in motorless motion.
Plus, the book coes acaed in two different sample kits. The
first Kit includes 20 centimeters of 050, and 40 centmetes echof
100 and 150 micrometer diameter Flexinol Muscle Wires.
Part # Description Pice
3-074 Book & Sample Kit $29.90
The Deluxe Kit includes 1 metereach o 050,100 nd 150 - enough
to build all the projects in the book, including BORIS the walkin
machie. Nowyou cn build BORIS and 14 other Muscle Wire projects!
Part # Description Price
3-08 Book & Deluxe Sample Kit $54.80
* * * * *
Space Wings Kit >>Featred in Poular Scince's "est of What's
New 1988"<<
This interesting and unusual electronics kt has two leek silvr
mylarwings mounted on a small printed circuit board. The wings flap
continously usingonly five entimeter of Muscle Wire. Space Wings
stands 15 centimeters tall and flaps bout 6 timesper minute.
The ki can be easily assembled in under an hour, and includes
printedcircuit board parts, and omplete insructions. Assembly
requires a soldering iron, solder, screwdiver, and wirecutters.
Powr can come fom two "AA" batteries, or a three volt AC adapter
like Raio Shack #273-135A (neither icluded).
pace Wings makes a great introduction for anyone intereted in
using elctronics and Mucle Wires, as ell as an excellent first
electronics kit. It perchs on your compute, annoys cats*, nd
amuses babis. (*Cat response based on limited factory testin. Your
cat may vay.)
Part # escription Price
3-001 Space Wings Kit $19.95
* ** * *
Legal stff: Copyright 199 by Mondo-tronics, Inc. Muscle Wire is
a rgistered trademark o Mondo-tronics Inc. Flexinol is a traemark
of Dynalloy, Inc.
* * * * *
Setion III. Mondo-tronis Order Form *** Reurn this portion **
Order Date:
SHIP TO Name:
Cmpany:
Adress:
City, Stae, Zip:
Country:
Daytime Phone:
Fax:
ITEMS Enter quantity on lef, and total cost for each on riht.
Quantity Part Description Price Total Cst
( ) 3-074 Bok & Sample Kit 29.90 ( )
( ) 3-082 Book &Deluxe Sample Kit $54.8 ( )
( ) 3-001 Space Wings Kit $19.95 ( )
( ) 3076 Flexinol 025, 1 mete $15.95 ( )
( ) 3-070 Fleinol 050, 1 meter $12.95 ( )
( ) 3-071 Flexinol 10, 1 meter $13.95 ( )
( ) 3-072 Flexinol 150, meter $14.95 ( )
( ) 3-073 Fexinol 250, 1meter $15.95 ( )
( ) 3-081 Flexiol 025, 5 meters $74.00 (
( ) 3-077 Flexino 050, 5 meters $59.00 )
( ) 3-078 Flexinl 100, 5 meters $64.00 ( )
( ) 3-079 Fexinol 150, 5 meters $69.0 ( )
( ) 3-080 Fexinol 250, 5 meters $74.00 ( )
Subtotl: ( )
California orders add 7.2%tax: ( )
Shipping & Handlig (USA $4, Canada $5, Internationa $9): ( )
ORDR TOTAL: ( )
PAYMENT ( )Check or Money Order (in USfunds)
( ) VISA
( ) MasterCard
Cardholder Name:
Card Number:
Expirtion Date (MM/YY):
To Order: Compete this form and then mail, mail, o fax it to
us. If you ar within the U.S. or Canada, you may plce your credit
card rders verbally wth the helpful humans a our Toll Free Order
Line, 24 hours a ay.
Credit cardand money order norally ship within thre days of
receipt. Orders by check requie two weeks to clar. Please send your
rder and payment (i US funds drawn on a US bank) to:
Mono-tronics, Inc. Phon: 415-455-9330
524 San Anselmo Ave, #107 Fax: 415-455-333
San Anselmo, CA 94960 Email: [email protected]
USA Toll Free Orders: 800-374-764
OUR GARANTEE - We guarantee the quality and perfomance of ur
products. If you have question or comment, please contact us. We
want to hear from yo! V3.0 9301.01
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