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NASA Astronaut Biographies- T
NAME: Norman E. Thagard (M.D.)
NASA Astronaut
BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born July 3, 1943, in Marianna, Florida, but considers
Jacksonville, Florida, to be his hometown. His father, Mr. James E. Thagard,
is deceased; his mother, Mrs. Mary F. Nicholson, is a resident of St.
Peterburg, Florida.
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair blue eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches; weight:
156 pounds.
EDUCATION: Graduated from Paxon Senior High School, Jacksonville, Florida, in
1961; attended Florida State University where he received bachelor and master
of science degrees in Engineering Science in 1965 and 1966, respectively, and
subsequently performed pre-med course work; received a doctor of medicine from
the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School in 1977.
MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Rex Kirby Johnson of Atlanta, Georgia.
Her mother, Mrs. Rex Johnson, resides in Tallahassee, Florida.
CHILDREN: Norman Gordon, May 15, 1968; James Robert, November 29, 1970; Daniel
Cary, November 22, 1979.
RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: During his free time, he enjoys classical music and,
electronic design.
ORGANIZATIONS: Member of American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
and Phi Kappa Phi.
SPECIAL HONORS: Awarded 11 Air Medals, the Navy Commendation Medal with Combat
V, the Marine Corps "E" Award, the Vietnam Service Medal, and the Vietnamese
Cross of Gallantry with Palm.
EXPERIENCE: Dr. Thagard held a number of research and teaching posts while
completing the academic requirements for various earned degrees.
In September 1966, he entered on active duty with the United States Marine
Corps Reserve. He achieved the rank of Captain in 1967, was designated a naval
aviator in 1968, and was subsequently assigned to duty flying F-4s with
VMFA-333 at Marine Corps Air Station, Beaufort, South Carolina. He flew 163
combat missions in Vietnam while assigned to VMFA-115 from January 1969 to
1970. He returned to the United States and an assignment as aviation weapons
division officer with VMFA-251 at the Marine Corps Air Station, Beaufort, South
Carolina.
Thagard resumed his academic studies in 1971, pursuing additional studies in
electrical engineering, and a degree in medicine; prior to coming to NASA, he
was interning in the Department of Internal Medicine at the Medical University
of South Carolina.
He is a pilot and has logged over 2,200 hours flying time -- the majority in
jet aircraft.
NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Thagard was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in
January 1978. In August 1979, he completed 1-year training and evaluation
period, making him eligible for assignment as a mission specialist on future
Space Shuttle flight crews.
Dr. Thagard was a mission specialist on the crew of STS-7, which launched from
Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on June 8, 1983. This was the second flight for
the Orbiter Challenger and the first mission with a crew of five persons.
During this mission, the STS-7 crew deployed satellites for Canada (ANIK C-2)
and Indonesia (PALAPA B-1); operated the Canadian-built Remote Manipulator
System (RMS) to perform the first deployment and retrieval exercise with the
Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS-01); conducted the first formation flying of the
orbiter with a free-flying satellite ( SPAS-01); carried and operated the first
U.S./German cooperative materials science payload (OSTA-2); and operated the
Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System (CFES) and the Monodisperse Latex
Reactor (MLR) experiments, in addition to activating seven Getaway Specials.
During the flight Dr. Thagard conducted various medical tests and collected
data on physiological changes associated with astronaut adaptation to space.
He also retrieved the rotating SPAS-01 using the Remote Manipulator System
(RMS). Mission duration was 147 hours before landing at Edwards Air Force
Base, California, on June 24, 1983.
On his second flight, Dr. Thagard served as a mission specialist on STS-51B,
the Spacelab-3 science mission, which launched from Kennedy Space Center,
Florida, on April 29, 1985, aboard the Challenger. He assisted the commander
and pilot on ascent and entry. Mission duration was 168 hours. Duties on
orbit included satellite deployment operation with the NUSAT satellite as well
as animal care for the 24 rats and two squirrel monkeys contained in the
Research Animal Holding Facility (RAHF). Other duties were operation of the
Geophysical Fluid Flow Cell (GFFC), Urinary Monitoring System (UMS), and the
Ionization States of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Ray Heavy Nuclei (IONS)
experiment. After 110 orbits of the earth Challenger landed at Edwards Air
Force Base, California, on May 6, 1985.
Dr. Thagard was as a mission specialist on STS-30, which launched from Kennedy
Space Center, Florida on May 1989, aboard the orbiter Atlantis. During this
four day mission, crew members successfully deployed the Magellan
Venus-exploration spacecraft, the first U.S. planetary science mission launched
since 1978, and the first planetary probe to be deployed from the Shuttle.
Magellan is scheduled to arrive at Venus in mid-1990, and will map the entire
surface of Venus, for the first time, using specialized radar instruments. In
addition, crew members also worked on secondary payloads involving fluid
research in general, chemistry and electrical storm studies. Mission duration
was 97 hours. Following 64 orbits of the earth, the STS-30 mission concluded
with a landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California on May 8, 1989.
With the completion of his third flight, Dr. Thagard has logged a total of 411
hours in space.
CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Thagard is in training as a mission specialist on the
crew of STS-42. This mission is scheduled for launch on the Orbiter Columbia
in 1990.
SEPTEMBER 1989
NAME: Kathryn C. Thornton (Ph.D.)
NASA Astronaut
BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born August 17, 1952, in Montgomery, Alabama.
Her parents, Mr. William C. Cordell and Mrs. Elsie Cordell, are
deceased.
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; green eyes; height: 5 feet 4
inches; weight: 115 pounds.
EDUCATION: Graduated from Sidney Lanier High School, Montgomery,
Alabama, in 1970; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics
from Auburn University in 1974, a master of science degree in Physics
from the University of Virginia in 1977, and a doctorate of philosophy
in Physics from the University of Virginia in 1979.
MARITAL STATUS: Married to Stephen T. Thornton, Ph.D., of Oak Ridge,
Tennessee. His mother, Mrs. Helen Lee Gardner, and his father, Mr.
Barton Brown Thornton, are deceased.
CHILDREN: Stepsons: Kenneth, September 26, 1963; Michael, September
10, 1965; Daughters: Carol Elizabeth, March 16, 1982; Laura Lee,
December 2, 1985; Susan Annette, November 20, 1990.
RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: She enjoys scuba diving and skiing.
ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the American Physical Society, American
Association for the Advancement of Science, Sigma Xi, Phi Kappa Phi,
and Sigma Pi Sigma.
EXPERIENCE: Dr. Thornton graduated from Auburn University with a B.S.
in physics in 1974. While in graduate school at the University of
Virginia, she participated in nuclear physics research programs at Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Indiana
University Cyclotron Facility, and the Space Radiation Effects
Laboratory. She earned her Ph.D. at the University of Virginia in
1979. She was awarded a NATO Postdoctoral Fellowship to continue her
research at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in
Heidelberg, West Germany. In 1980, she returned to Charlottesville,
Virginia, where she was employed as a physicist at the U.S. Army
Foreign Science and Technology Center.
NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in May 1984, Dr. Thornton became an
astronaut in July 1985, qualified for assignment as a mission
specialist on future Space Shuttle flight crews. Her technical
assignments have included support of future payloads in the Astronaut
Office Mission Development Branch, and flight software verification in
the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL). She also served
as a team member of the Vehicle Integration Test Team (VITT). Dr.
Thornton supported the STS-26 mission as a VITT member at KSC, and as
a Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) at JSC.
Dr. Thornton was a mission specialist on the crew of STS-33, which
launched, at night, from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November
22, 1989, aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. The mission carried
Department of Defense payloads and other secondary payloads. After 79
orbits of the earth, this five day mission concluded on November 27,
1989, with a hard surface landing on Runway 04 at Edwards Air Force
Base, California.
With the completion of her first mission, Dr. Thornton has logged 120
hours in space.
CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Thornton is assigned as a mission specialist
on the crew of STS-49. During this eight day mission crew members
will attach a new booster and redeploy the Intelsat satellite, and
will also perform three EVAs (spacewalks) as part of an extensive test
of EVA techniques to be employed during Space Station assembly.
STS-49 is scheduled for launch in early 1992 aboard the new Space
Shuttle Endeavour.
JANUARY 1991
NAME: William Edgar Thornton (M.D.)
NASA Astronaut
BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born in Faison, North Carolina, on April 14,
1929.
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Blond hair; blue eyes; height: 6 feet; weight:
200 pounds.
EDUCATION: Attended primary and secondary schools in Faison, North
Carolina; received a bachelor of science degree in Physics and a
doctorate in Medicine from the University of North Carolina in 1952
and 1953, respectively.
MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Elizabeth Jennifer Fowler of
Hertfordshire, England.
CHILDREN: William Simon, March 15, 1959; James Fallon, January 4,
1961.
SPECIAL HONORS: Recipient of the Air Force Legion of Merit (1956),
the NASA Exceptional Service Medal (1972), the NASA Exceptional
Scientific Achievement Medal (1974), the American Astronautical
Society's Melbourne W. Boynton Award for 1975 (1977), two NASA Space
Flight Medals (1983, 1985), the University of North Carolina
Distinguished Alumni Award (1983), the Aerospace Medical Association
Randy Lovelace Award (1984), the AIAA Jeffries Medical Research Award
(1985), the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States Kern
Award (1986), the NASA Exceptional Engineering Achievement Award
(1988).
EXPERIENCE: Following graduation from the University of North
Carolina and having completed Air Force ROTC training, Thornton served
as officer-in-charge of the Instrument Lab at the Flight Test Air
Proving Ground. He later became a consultant to Air Proving Ground
Command.
As chief engineer of the electronics division of the Del Mar
Engineering Labs at Los Angeles from 1956 to 1959, he also organized
and directed its Avionics Division. He returned to the University of
North Carolina Medical School in 1959, graduated in 1963, and
completed internship training in 1964 at the Wilford Hall USAF
Hospital at Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas.
He returned to active duty with the United States Air Force and was
then assigned to the USAF Aerospace Medical Division, Brooks Air Force
Base, San Antonio, where he completed the Primary Flight Surgeon's
training in 1964. It was during his two-year tour of duty there that
he became involved in space medicine research and subsequently applied
and was selected for astronaut training. Dr. Thornton developed and
designed the first mass measuring devices for space, which remain in
use today.
He has logged over 3,300 hours flying time in jet aircraft, and is
currently a Clinical Assistant Professor in the Department of
Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
NASA EXPERIENCE: Dr. Thornton was selected as a scientist-astronaut
by NASA in August 1967. He completed the required flight training at
Reese Air Force Base, Texas. Thornton was physician crew member on
the highly successful Skylab Medical Experiments Altitude Test (SMEAT)
-- a 56-day simulation of a Skylab mission enabling crewmen to collect
medical experiments baseline data and evaluate equipment, operations,
and procedures. He was also the mission specialist on SMD III, a
simulation of a Spacelab life sciences mission. He was a member of
the astronaut support crew for the Skylab 2, 3, and 4 missions, and
principal investigator for Skylab experiments on mass measurement,
anthropometric measurements, hemodynamics, and human fluid shifts and
physical conditioning.
As a member of the Astronaut Office Operations Missions Development
group, Dr. Thornton was responsible for developing crew procedures and
techniques for deployable payloads, and for maintenance of crew
conditions in flight. He developed advanced techniques for, and made
studies in kinesiology and kinesimetry related to space operations.
During STS operations he continued physiological investigations in the
cardiovascular and musculoskeletal and neurological areas. He
developed the Shuttle treadmill for in-flight exercise and several
other on-board devices. His work concentrated on the Space Adaptation
Syndrome, with relevant investigations on STS-4, STS-5, STS-6, STS-7,
and STS-8.
Dr. Thornton holds more than 35 issued patents.
Dr. Thornton first served as a mission specialist on STS-8, which
launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 30, 1983. This
was the third flight for the Orbiter Challenger and the first mission
with a night launch and night landing. During the flight Dr. Thornton
made almost continuous measurements of and investigations in
adaptation of the human body to weightlessness, especially of the
nervous system and of the space adaptation syndrome. This was a
continuation of his previous work in these areas. Much of the
equipment used was designed and developed by Dr. Thornton. STS-8
completed 98 orbits of the Earth in 145 hours before landing at
Edwards Air Force Base, California, on September 5, 1983.
On his second flight, Dr. Thornton was a mission specialist on STS
51-B, the Spacelab-3 science mission, which launched from Kennedy
Space Center, Florida, on April 29, 1985. During this mission, Dr.
Thornton was responsible for the first animal payload in manned flight
and other medical investigations. After completing 110 orbits of the
earth, the Orbiter Challenger landed at Edwards Air Force Base,
California, on May 6, 1985.
Dr. Thornton continues his work in space medicine while awaiting his
next flight opportunity.
CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Dr. Thornton is currently working on problems
relative to extending mission durations in the Space Shuttle, in Space
Station, and in space exploration, and has designed the necessary
exercise and other hardware to support such missions. He continues
analysis and publication of results from studies of neurological
adaptation, and is currently studying neuromuscular inhibition
following flight, osteoporosis in space and on earth, and post flight
orthostasis.
FEBRUARY 1989
NAME: Pierre J. Thuot (pronounced THOO-it)(Commander, USN)
NASA Astronaut
BIRTHPLACE AND DATE: Born May 19, 1955, in Groton, Connecticut, but considers
Fairfax, Virginia, and New Bedford, Massachusetts, to be his hometowns. His
parents, Capt. & Mrs. Clifford G. Thuot, Sr., (USNR, Ret.), reside in Fairfax,
Virginia.
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Brown hair; brown eyes; height: 5 feet 9 inches;
weight: 159 pounds.
EDUCATION: Graduated from Fairfax High School, Fairfax, Virginia, in 1973;
received a bachelor of science degree in Physics from the U.S. Naval Academy in
1977, and a master of science degree in Systems Management from the University
of Southern California in 1985.
MARITAL STATUS: Married to the former Cheryl Ann Mattingly of Leonardtown,
Maryland. Her parents, Mr. & Mrs. Robert L. Mattingly, reside in Leonardtown,
Maryland.
RECREATIONAL INTERESTS: He enjoys flying, all sports, popular music, and
guitar playing.
ORGANIZATIONS: Member of the U.S. Naval Academy Alumni Association, the
Association of Naval Aviation, the University of Southern California Alumni
Association, and the Association of Space Explorers.
SPECIAL HONORS: Two Meritorious Unit Commendations, two Battle Efficiency
Awards (VF-14), the Sea Service Deployment Ribbon, and the National Defense
Service Medal.
EXPERIENCE: Thuot graduated 30th in his class from the U.S. Naval Academy in
1977 and commenced Naval Flight Officer training in July 1977. He received his
wings in August 1978 and then reported to Fighter Squadron 101 at NAS Oceana,
Virginia Beach, Virginia, for initial F-14 Tomcat training as a Radar Intercept
Officer (RIO). Upon completion of this training he was assigned to Fighter
Squadron 14 and made overseas deployments to the Mediterranean and Caribbean
Seas aboard the USS John F. Kennedy and USS Independence. While assigned to
Fighter Squadron 14 he attended the Navy Fighter Weapons School (TOPGUN). He
was then selected to attend the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in May 1982. Upon
graduation in June 1983 he worked as a project test flight officer at the Naval
Air Test Center flying the F-14A Tomcat, A-6E Intruder and F-4J Phantom ll
until June 1984, when he returned to the staff of the U.S. Naval Test Pilot
School as a flight instructor.
He has over 2,300 flight hours in over 40 different aircraft, and has over 270
carrier landings.
NASA EXPERIENCE: Selected by NASA in June 1985, Thuot became an astronaut in
July 1986, qualified for assignment as a mission specialist on future Space
Shuttle flight crews. From January 1986 until August 1987 he was assigned to
the Mission Development Branch within the Astronaut Office. During that time
he participated in the design, development and evaluation of Space Shuttle
payloads and crew equipment that had extravehicular activity (EVA) interfaces
or interfaced with the Space Shuttle's Remote Manipulator System (RMS). He was
then assigned to the Mission Support Branch within the Astronaut Office. His
duties included Space Shuttle flight software verification in the Shuttle
Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), and Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) in
the Mission Control Center for STS-26, STS-27, STS-28, STS-29, and STS-30
on-orbit operations. As CAPCOM he was responsible for communications with the
Shuttle crew during training simulations and actual missions. He presently
serves as the Astronaut Office representative for flight crew equipment, crew
escape, EVA and satellite servicing.
Thuot was a mission specialist on the crew of STS-36 which launched from the
Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on February 28, 1990, aboard the Space Shuttle
Atlantis. This mission carried Department of Defense payloads and a number of
secondary payloads. Following 72 orbits of the earth, the STS-36 mission
concluded with a lakebed landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on
March 4, 1990, after traveling 1.87 million miles. With the completion of his
first mission, Thuot has logged a total of 106 hours in space.
CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Thuot is assigned as a mission specialist on the crew of
STS-49. During this eight day mission crew members will attach a new booster
and redeploy the Intelsat satellite, and will also perform three EVAs
(spacewalks) as part of an extensive test of EVA techniques to be employed
during Space Station assembly. STS-49 is scheduled for launch in early 1992
aboard the new Space Shuttle Endeavour.
JANUARY 1991
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