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History of Man in Space
May 05, 1961 Alan Shepard aboard Freedom 7 is launched.
July 21, 1961 Gus Grissom aboard Liberty Bell 7 is launched
Feb. 20, 1962 John Glenn aboard Friendship 7 goes into orbit.
May 24, 1962 M. Scott Carpenter aboard Aurora 7 is launched.
Oct. 03, 1962 Walter M. Schirra aboard Sigma 7, the final Mercury mission.
Mar. 23, 1965 Gemini III is launched, the first of the Gemini manned missions.
June 03, 1965 Gemini IV is launched.
June 07, 1965 Gemini IV returns to Earth.
Aug. 21, 1965 Gemini V is launched.
Aug. 29, 1965 Gemini V returns to Earth.
Dec. 04, 1965 Gemini VII is launched.
Dec. 18, 1965 Gemini VII returns to Earth.
Dec. 15, 1965 Gemini VI is launched.
Dec. 16, 1965 Gemini VI returns to Earth.
Mar. 16, 1966 Gemini VIII is launched.
June 03, 1966 Gemini IX is launched.
June 06, 1966 Gemini IX returns to Earth.
July 18, 1966 Gemini X is launched.
July 21, 1966 Gemini X returns to Earth.
Sept 12, 1966 Gemini XI is launched.
Sept 15, 1966 Gemini XI returns to Earth.
Nov. 11, 1966 Gemini XII is launched. The final Gemini flight.
Nov. 15, 1966 Gemini XII returns to Earth.
Jan. 27, 1967 Fatal fire kills Grissom, Chaffee and White.
Oct. 11, 1968 Apollo 7 is launched, the first of the manned Apollo mission.
Oct. 22, 1968 Apollo 7 returns to Earth.
Dec. 21, 1968 Apollo 8 is launched.
Dec. 25, 1968 Frank Borman's Christmas reading while orbiting the moon.
Dec. 27, 1968 Apollo 8 returns to Earth.
Mar. 03, 1969 Apollo 9 is launched.
Mar. 13, 1969 Apollo 9 returns to Earth.
May 18, 1969 Apollo 10 is launched.
May 26, 1969 Apollo 10 returns to Earth.
July 16, 1969 Apollo 11 is launched.
July 20, 1969 Armstrong and Aldrin become the first humans to step on the moon.
July 24, 1969 Apollo 11 returns to Earth.
Nov. 14, 1969 Apollo 12 is launched.
Nov. 24, 1969 Apollo 12 returns to Earth.
Apr. 11, 1970 Apollo 13 is launched.
Apr. 17, 1970 Apollo 13 returns to Earth.
Jan. 31, 1971 Apollo 14 is launched.
Feb. 09, 1971 Apollo 14 returns to Earth.
July 26, 1971 Apollo 15 is launched.
Aug. 07, 1971 Apollo 15 returns to Earth.
Apr. 16, 1972 Apollo 16 is launched.
Apr. 27, 1972 Apollo 16 returns to Earth.
Dec. 07, 1972 Apollo 17 is launched.
Dec. 19, 1972 Apollo 17 returns to Earth.
July 15, 1975 Apollo 18 is launched to link-up with Cosmonauts.
July 24, 1975 Apollo 18 returns to Earth.
May 25, 1973 Skylab 2's first mission is launched.
June 22, 1973 Skylab 2's astronauts land.
July 28, 1973 Skylab 3's astronauts are launched.
Sept 25, 1973 Skylab 3's astronauts land.
Nov. 16, 1973 Skylab 4's astronauts are launched. The final Skylab mission.
Feb. 08, 1974 Skylab 4's astronauts land.
Aug. 12, 1977 First test of the Space Shuttle Enterprise.
Sept 13, 1977 Second test of the Space Shuttle Enterprise.
Sept 23, 1977 Third test of the Space Shuttle Enterprise.
Oct. 12, 1977 Fourth test of the Space Shuttle Enterprise.
Oct. 26, 1977 Fifth and Final test of the Space Shuttle Enterprise.
Apr. 12, 1981 First Space Shuttle - Columbia 1 launched.
Apr. 14, 1981 First Space Shuttle - Columbia 1 returns to Earth.
Nov. 12, 1981 Second Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 2 launched.
Nov. 14, 1981 Second Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 2 returns to Earth.
Mar. 22, 1982 Third Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 3 launched.
Mar. 30, 1982 Third Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 3 returns to Earth.
June 27, 1982 Fourth Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 4 launched.
July 04, 1982 Fourth Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 4 returns to Earth.
Nov. 11, 1982 Fifth Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 5 launched.
Nov. 16, 1982 Fifth Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 5 returns to Earth.
Apr. 05, 1983 Sixth Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 1 launched.
Apr. 09, 1983 Sixth Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 1 returns to Earth.
June 18, 1983 Seventh Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 2 launched.
June 24, 1983 Seventh Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 2 returns to Earth.
Aug. 30, 1983 Eighth Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 3 launched.
Sept 05, 1983 Eighth Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 3 returns to Earth.
Nov. 28, 1983 Ninth Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 6 launched.
Dec. 08, 1983 Ninth Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 6 returns to Earth.
Feb. 03, 1984 Tenth Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 4 launched.
Feb. 11, 1984 Tenth Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 4 returns to Earth.
Apr. 06, 1984 Eleventh Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 5 launched.
Apr. 13, 1984 Eleventh Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 5 returns to Earth.
Aug. 30, 1984 Twelfth Space Shuttle Mission - Discovery 1 launched.
Sept 05, 1984 Twelfth Space Shuttle Mission - Discovery 1 returns to Earth.
Oct. 05, 1985 Thirteenth Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 6 launched.
Oct. 13, 1985 Thirteenth Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 6 launched.
Nov. 08, 1984 Fourteenth Space Shuttle Mission - Discovery 2 launched.
Nov. 16, 1984 Fourteenth Space Shuttle Mission - Discovery 2 returns to Earth.
Jan. 24, 1985 Fifteenth Space Shuttle Mission - Discovery 3 launched.
Jan. 27, 1985 Fifteenth Space Shuttle Mission - Discovery 3 returns to Earth.
Apr. 12, 1985 Sixteenth Space Shuttle Mission - Discovery 4 launched.
Apr. 19, 1985 Sixteenth Space Shuttle Mission - Discovery 4 returns to Earth.
Apr. 29, 1985 Seventeenth Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 7 launched.
May 06, 1985 Seventeenth Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 7 returns to Earth.
June 17, 1985 Eighteenth Space Shuttle Mission - Discovery 5 launched.
June 24, 1985 Eighteenth Space Shuttle Mission - Discovery 5 returns to Earth.
July 29, 1985 Nineteenth Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 8 launched.
Aug. 06, 1985 Nineteenth Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 8 returns to Earth.
Aug. 27, 1985 20th Space Shuttle Mission - Discovery 6 launched.
Sept 03, 1985 20th Space Shuttle Mission - Discovery 6 returns to Earth.
Oct. 04, 1985 21st Space Shuttle Mission - Atlantis 1 launched.
Oct. 07, 1985 21st Space Shuttle Mission - Atlantis 1 returns to Earth.
Oct. 30, 1985 22nd Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 9 launched.
Nov. 06, 1985 22nd Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 9 returns to Earth.
Nov. 26, 1985 23rd Space Shuttle Mission - Atlantis 2 launched.
Dec. 03, 1985 23rd Space Shuttle Mission - Atlantis 2 returns to Earth.
Jan. 12, 1986 24th Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 7 launched.
Jan. 18, 1986 24th Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 7 returns to Earth.
Jan. 28, 1986 25th Space Shuttle Mission - Challenger 10 explodes.
Apr. 12, 1961 Yuri A. Gagarin becomes the first man in space aboard Vostok 1.
Aug. 06, 1961 Gherman S. Titov, second Russian in space aboard Vostok 2.
Aug. 11, 1962 Andrian G. Nikolayev,third Russian in space aboard Vostok 3.
Aug. 12, 1962 Pavel R. Popovich, fourth Russian in space aboard Vostok 4.
June 14, 1963 Valery F. Bykovsky, fifth Russian in space aboard Vostok 5.
June 16, 1963 Valentina V. Tereshkova, first woman in space aboard Vostok 6.
Dec. 12, 1964 Russia launches Voshkod I, first multi-crew in space (3 men).
Mar. 18, 1965 Russia launches second and final Voshkod crew.
Apr. 23, 1967 Russia launches first Soyuz mission.
Apr. 24, 1967 Cosmonaut Komarov is the first to die in space aboard Soyuz 1.
Oct. 26, 1968 Soyuz 3 launched.
Jan. 14, 1969 Soyuz 4 launched.
Jan. 15, 1969 Soyuz 5 launched.
Jan. 18, 1969 Soyuz 5 returns to Earth.
Oct. 11, 1969 Soyuz 6 launched.
Oct. 16, 1969 Soyuz 6 returns to Earth.
Oct. 12, 1969 Soyuz 7 launched.
Oct. 17, 1969 Soyuz 7 returns to Earth.
Oct. 13, 1969 Soyuz 8 launched.
Oct. 18, 1969 Soyuz 8 returns to Earth.
June 01, 1970 Soyuz 9 launched.
June 19, 1970 Soyuz 9 returns to Earth.
Apr. 22, 1971 Soyuz 10 launched.
Apr. 24, 1971 Soyuz 10 returns to Earth.
June 06, 1971 Soyuz 11 launched.
June 30, 1971 Soyuz 11 returns to Earth.
Sept 27, 1973 Soyuz 12 launched.
Sept 29, 1973 Soyuz 12 returns to Earth.
Dec. 18, 1973 Soyuz 13 launched.
Dec. 26, 1973 Soyuz 13 returns to Earth.
Apr. 03, 1974 Soyuz 14 launched.
May 20, 1974 Soyuz 14 returns to Earth.
Aug. 26, 1974 Soyuz 15 launched.
Aug. 28, 1974 Soyuz 15 returns to Earth.
Dec. 02, 1974 Soyuz 16 launched.
Dec. 08, 1974 Soyuz 16 returns to Earth.
Jan. 11, 1975 Soyuz 17 launched.
Feb. 09, 1975 Soyuz 17 returns to Earth.
Apr. 05, 1975 Soyuz 18A tries to lift-off.
May 24, 1975 Soyuz 18B launched.
July 26, 1975 Soyuz 18B returns to Earth.
June 15, 1975 Soyuz 19 launched.
June 21, 1975 Soyuz 19 returns to Earth.
July 06, 1976 Soyuz 21 launched.
Aug. 24, 1976 Soyuz 21 returns to Earth.
Sept 15, 1976 Soyuz 22 launched.
Sept 23, 1976 Soyuz 22 returns to Earth.
Oct. 14, 1976 Soyuz 23 launched.
Oct. 16, 1976 Soyuz 23 returns to Earth.
Feb. 07, 1977 Soyuz 24 launched.
Feb. 25, 1977 Soyuz 24 returns to Earth.
Oct. 09, 1977 Soyuz 25 launched.
Oct. 11, 1977 Soyuz 25 returns to Earth.
Dec. 10, 1977 Soyuz 26 launched.
Mar. 16, 1978 Soyuz 26 returns to Earth.
Jan. 10, 1978 Soyuz 27 launched.
Jan. 16, 1978 Soyuz 27 returns to Earth.
Mar. 02, 1978 Soyuz 28 launched.
Mar. 10, 1978 Soyuz 28 returns to Earth.
June 15, 1978 Soyuz 29 launched
Nov. 02, 1978 The crew of Soyuz 29 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 31.
Aug. 26, 1978 Soyuz 31 launched
June 27, 1978 Soyuz 30 launched.
July 05, 1978 Soyuz 30 launched.
Aug. 26, 1978 Soyuz 31 launched
Sept 03, 1978 The crew of Soyuz 31 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 29.
Feb. 25, 1979 Soyuz 32 launched
Aug. 19, 1979 The crew of Soyuz 32 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 34.
Apr. 10, 1979 Soyuz 33 launched.
Apr. 12, 1979 Soyuz 33 returns to Earth.
Apr. 09, 1980 Soyuz 35 launched
Nov. 11, 1980 The crew of Soyuz 35 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 37.
May 26, 1980 Soyuz 36 launched
June 03, 1980 The crew of Soyuz 36 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 35.
June 05, 1980 Soyuz T-2 launched.
June 09, 1980 Soyuz T-2 returns to Earth.
July 23, 1980 Soyuz 37 launched.
July 31, 1980 The crew of Soyuz 37 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 36.
Sept 18, 1980 Soyuz 38 is launched. - First Cuban in space.
Sept 26, 1980 Soyuz 38 returns to Earth.
Nov. 27, 1980 Soyuz T-3 is launched.
Dec. 10, 1980 Soyuz T-3 returns to Earth.
Mar. 12, 1981 Soyuz T-4 is launched.
May 26, 1981 Soyuz T-4 returns to Earth.
Mar. 22, 1981 Soyuz 39 is launched. - First Monoglian in space.
Mar. 36, 1981 Soyuz 39 returns to Earth.
May 14, 1981 Soyuz 40 is launched. - First Rumanian in space.
May 22, 1981 Soyuz 40 returns to Earth.
May 13, 1982 Soyuz T-5 is launched.
Dec. 10, 1982 Soyuz T-5 returns to Earth, 211 days after take-off.
June 24, 1982 Soyuz T-6 is launched.
July 02, 1982 Soyuz T-6 returns to Earth.
Aug. 19, 1982 Soyuz T-7 is launched.
Aug. 27, 1982 Soyuz T-7 returns to Earth.
Apr. 21, 1983 Soyuz T-8 is launched.
Apr. 22, 1983 Soyuz T-8 returns to Earth.
June 27, 1983 Soyuz T-9 is launched.
Nov. 25, 1983 Soyuz T-9 returns to Earth, 149 days after take-off.
Feb. 08, 1984 Soyuz T-10 is launched.
Apr. 02, 1984 Soyuz T-11 is launched.
Apr. 11, 1984 Soyuz T-11 returns to Earth.
July 26, 1984 Soyuz T-12? is launched with a female cosmonaut.
****************************
* MERCURY - Redstone Atlas *
****************************
## CAPSULE DATE ORBITS ASTRONAUTS HOUR MIN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
01 3-Freedom 7 05/05/61 0 Alan B. Shepard Jr. 00 15
02 4-Liberty Bell 7 07/21/61 0 Virgil I. Grissom 00 16
03 6-Friendship 7 02/20/62 3 John H. Glenn 04 55
04 7-Aurora 7 05/24/62 3 Malcolm Scott Carpenter 04 56
05 8-Sigma 7 10/03/62 6 Walter M. Schirra 09 13
06 9-Faith 7 05/15/63 22 Leroy Gordon Cooper 34 20
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
******************
* GEMINI - Titan *
******************
## CAPSULE DATE ORBITS ASTRONAUTS HOUR MIN
-------------------------------------------------------------------
07 III 03/23/65 3 Virgil I. (Gus) Grissom 04 53
(Molly Brown) John W. Young
08 IV 06/03/65 62 James McDivitt 97 48
06/07/65 Edward H. White II
09 V 08/21/65 120 Leroy Gordon Cooper 190 56
08/29/65 Charles Pete Conrad
10 VII 12/04/65 206 Frank Borman 330 35
12/18/65 James A Lovell Jr.
11 VI 12/15/65 16 Walter M. Schirra 25 52
12/16/65 Thomas P. Stafford
12 VIII 03/16/66 6.5 Neil A. Armstrong 10 42
David R. Scott
13 IX 06/03/66 44 Thomas P. Stafford 72 21
06/06/66 Eugene A. Cernan
14 X 09/18/66 43 John W. Young 70 47
07/21/66 Michael Collins
15 XI 09/12/66 44 Charles Pete Conrad 71 17
09/15/66 Richard F. Gordon Jr.
16 XII 11/11/66 59 James A. Lovell Jr. 94 35
11/15/66 Edwin E. (Buzz) Aldrin
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
*******************
* APOLLO - Saturn *
*******************
## CAPSULE DATE ORBITS ASTRONAUTS HOUR MIN
-------------------------------------------------------------------
17 7 10/11/68 163 Walter M. Schirra 260 09
10/22/68 Donn F. Eisele 11 days
Walter M. Cunnigham
18 8 12/21/68 10M Frank Borman 147 01
12/27/68 James A. Lovell Jr. 6 days
William J. Anders
19 9 03/03/69 31 James McDivitt 241 01
Gumdrop 03/13/69 David R. Scott 10 days
Spider Russell L. Schweickart
20 10 05/18/69 31M Thomas P. Stafford 192 03
Charlie Brown05/26/69 Eugene A Cernan 8 days
Snoopy John W. Young
21 11 07/16/69 31M Neil A. Armstrong 195 18
Columbia 07/24/69 Edwin E. (Buzz) Aldrin 8 days
Eagle Michael Collins
22 12 11/14/69 30M Charles Pete Conrad 244 36
Yankee Clipper11/24/69 Alan L. Bean 10 days
Intrepid Richard F. Gordon Jr.
23 13 04/11/70 0M James A. Lovell Jr. 142 55
Odyssey 04/17/70 Fred W. Haise Jr. 6 days
Aquarius John L. Swigert Jr.
24 14 01/31/71 34M Alan B. Shepard Jr. 216 02
Kitty Hawk 02/09/71 Stuart A. Roosa 9 days
Antares Edgar D. Mitchell
25 15 07/26/71 74M David R. Scott 295 12
Endeavor 08/07/71 James B. Irwin 13 days
Falcon Alfred M. Worden
26 16 04/16/72 64M Charles M. Duke Jr. 265 51
Casper 04/27/72 Thomas K. Mattingley II 11 days
Orion John W. Young
27 17 12/07/72 75M Eugene A Cernan 301 52
America 12/19/72 Ronald E. Evans 13 days
Challenger Harrison H. Scmitt
28 18 07/15/75 136 Thomas P. Stafford 217 30
07/24/75 Donald (Deke) K. Slayton 9 days
Vance D. Brand Soyuz XIX
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
************************
* SKYLAB Space Station *
************************
## CAPSULE DATE ORBITS ASTRONAUTS HOUR MIN
-------------------------------------------------------------------
29 2 05/25/73 393 Charles Pete Conrad 672 50
06/22/73 Joseph P. Kerwin 28 days
Paul J. Weitz
30 3 07/28/73 852 Alan L. Bean 1427 09
09/25/73 Owen K. Garriott 59 days
Jack R. Lousma
31 4 11/16/73 1214 Gerald P. Carr 2017 17
02/08/74 Edward G. Gibson 84 days
William R. Pogue
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
***************************
* STS Space Shuttle Tests *
***************************
## CAPSULE DATE ASTRONAUTS MIN SEC
-------------------------------------------------------------------
T1 STS T1 08/12/77 Fred W. Haise Jr. 5 28
Enterprise 1 Charles G. Fullerton
T2 STS T2 09/13/77 John H. Engle 5 28
Enterprise 2 Richard Truly
T3 STS T3 09/23/77 Fred W. Haise Jr. 5 34
Enterprise 3 Charles G. Fullerton
T4 STS T4 10/12/77 John H. Engle 2 34
Enterprise 4 Richard Truly
T5 STS T5 10/26/77 Fred W. Haise Jr. 1 59
Enterprise 5 Charles G. Fullerton
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
*********************
* STS Space Shuttle *
*********************
## CAPSULE DATE ORBITS ASTRONAUTS HOUR MIN
-------------------------------------------------------------------
32 STS 1 04/12/81 36 Robert L. Crippen 54 21
Columbia 1 04/14/81 John W. Young 2 days
33 STS 2 11/12/81 40a Joe H. Engle 60a ??
Columbia 2 11/14/81 Richard H. Truly 2 days
34 STS 3 03/22/82 129 C. Gordon Fullerton 192 05
Columbia 3 03/30/82 Jack R. Lousma 8 days
35 STS 4 06/27/82 125a Henry W. Hartsfield Jr. 189 ??
Columbia 4 07/04/82 Thomas K. Mattingley II 8 days
36 STS 5 11/11/82 80 Joseph P. Allen 120 24
Columbia 5 11/16/82 Vance D. Brand 5 days
William Lenoir
Robert Overmyer
37 STS 6 04/05/83 80 Karol J Bobko 120 24
Challenger 1 04/09/83 Dr. F. Story Musgrove 5 days
Donald Peterson
Paul J. Weitz
38 STS 7 06/18/83 80 Robert L. Crippen 120 ??
Challenger 2 06/24/83 John M. Fabian 5 days
Fredric 'Rick' H. Hauck
Sally K. Ride
Dr. Norman Thagard
39 STS 8 08/30/83 96a Guion Bluford Jr. 145 ??
Challenger 3 09/05/83 Daniel C. Brandenstein 6 days
Dale A. Gardner
Dr. William Thornton
Richard H. Truly
40 STS 9 11/28/83 166 Owen K. Garriott 247 01
Columbia 6 12/08/83 Byron Lictenberg 10 days
41-A Ulf Merbold
Robert Parker
Brewster H. Shaw Jr.
John W. Young
41 STS 10 02/03/84 128a Vance D. Brand 192a ??
Challenger 4 02/11/84 Robert 'Hoot' Gibson 8 days
41-B Bruce McCandless
Ronald McNair
Robert Stewart
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
*********************
* STS Space Shuttle *
*********************
## CAPSULE DATE ORBITS ASTRONAUTS HOUR MIN
-------------------------------------------------------------------
42 STS 11 04/06/84 96a Robert L. Crippen 144a ??
Challenger 5 04/13/84 Terry J. Hart 6 days
41-C George 'Pinky' D. Nelson
Francis 'Dick' R. Scobee
James 'Ox' D. Van Hofften
43 STS 12 08/30/84 112a Michael L. Coats 168a ??
Discovery 1 09/05/84 Henry W. Hartsfield Jr. 7 days
41-D Steven A. Hawley
Richard M. Mullane
Dr. Judith A. Resnick
Charles D. Walker
44 STS 13 10/05/85 128a Robert L. Crippen 192a ??
Challenger 6 10/13/85 Mark Garneau 8 days
41-G David C. Leestma
Jon A. McBride
Sally K. Ride
Paul D. Scully-Power
Kathryn D. Sullivan
45 STS 14 11/08/84 128a Joseph P. Allen 192a ??
Discovery 2 11/16/84 Dr. Anna L. Fisher 8 days
51-A Dale A. Gardner
Frederic 'Rick' H. Hauck
David M. Walker
46 STS 15 01/24/85 112a James F. Buchli 168a ??
Discovery 3 01/27/85 Thomas K. Mattingley II 7 days
51-C Ellison S. Onizuka
Gary E. Payton
Loren J. Shriver
47 STS 16 04/12/85 112a Karol J. Bobko 168a ??
Discovery 4 04/19/85 Sen. Jake Garn 7 days
51-D S. David Griggs
Jeffrey A. Hoffman
Dr. M. Rhea Seddon
Charles D. Walker
Donald E. Williams
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
*********************
* STS Space Shuttle *
*********************
## CAPSULE DATE ORBITS ASTRONAUTS HOUR MIN
-------------------------------------------------------------------
48 STS 17 04/29/85 128a Frederick D. Gregory 192a ??
Challenger 7 05/06/85 Don L. Lind 8 days
51-B Robert F. Overmyer
Dr. Norman Thagard
Dr. William Thornton
Taylor G. Wang
Lodewijk K. van den Berg
49 STS 18 06/17/85 112a Sultan Salmon al-Saud 168a ??
Discovery 5 06/24/85 Patrick Baudry 7 days
51-G Daniel C. Brandenstein
John O. Creighton
John M. Fabian
Shannon W. Lucid
Steven A. Nagel
50 STS 19 07/29/85 112a Loren W. Action 168a ??
Challenger 8 08/06/85 John-David F. Bartoe 7 days
51-F Roy D. Bridges Jr.
Anthony W. England
C. Gordon Fullerton
Karl G. Henize
Dr. F. Story Musgrove
51 STS 20 08/27/85 112a Richard O. Covey 168a ??
Discovery 6 09/03/85 Joe H. Engle 7 days
51-E William F. Fisher
John M. Lounge
James 'Ox' D. Van Hoften
52 STS 21 10/04/85 48a Karol J. Bobko 72a ??
Atlantis 1 10/07/85 Ronald J. Grabe 3 days
51-J David C. Hilmers
William A. Pailes
Robert C. Stewart
53 STS 22 10/30/85 112a Guion S. Bluford Jr. 168a ??
Challenger 9 11/06/85 James F. Buchli 7 days
61-A Bonnie J. Dunbar
Reinhard Furrer
Henry W. Hartsfield Jr.
Ernst Messersclmid
Steven R. Nagel
Wubbo J. Ockels
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
*********************
* STS Space Shuttle *
*********************
## CAPSULE DATE ORBITS ASTRONAUTS HOUR MIN
-------------------------------------------------------------------
54 STS 23 11/26/85 112a Mary L. Cleave 168a ??
Atlantis 2 12/03/85 Rudolfo Neri 7 days
61-B Bryan D. O'Conner
Jerry L. Ross
Brewster H. Shaw
Sherwood C. Spring
Charles D. Walker
55 STS 24 01/12/86 96a Charles F. Bolden Jr. 144a ??
Columbia 7 01/18/86 Robert A. Cenker 6 days
61-C Franklin R. Chang-Diaz
Robert L. Gibson
Steve A. Hawley
George O. Nelson
Rep. William Nelson
56 STS 25 01/28/86 0 Gregory B. Jarvis 00 02
Challenger 10 01/28/86 Sharon Christa McAuliffe 0 days
61-D Ronald G. McNair Died
Ellison S. Onizuka
Dr. Judith A. Resnick
Francis 'Dick' R. Scobee
Michael J. Smith
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
AMERICAN ASTRONAUTS FLIGHTS
------------------- -------------------------------------
Loren W. Action STS 14
Sultan Salmon al-Saud STS 18
Edwin E. (Buzz) Aldrin Gemini XIII Apollo 11
Joseph P. Allen STS 5 STS 14
William J. Anders Apollo 8
Neil A. Armstrong Gemini VIII Apollo 11
John-David F. Bartoe STS 19
Patrick Baudry STS 18
Alan L. Bean Apollo 12 Skylab 3
Charles S. Bolden Jr. STS 24
Guion S. Bluford Jr. STS 8 STS 22
Karol J. Bobko STS 6 STS 16 STS 21
Frank Borman Gemini VII Apollo 8
Vance D. Brand Apollo 18 STS 5 STS 10
Daniel C. Brandenstein STS 8 STS 18
Roy D. Bridges STS 19
James F. Buchli STS 15 STS 22
Malcolm Scott Carpenter Mercury 7 (Aurora 7)
Gerald P. Carr Skylab 4
Robert Cenker STS 24
Eugene A Cernan Gemini IX Apollo 10 Apollo 17
Franklin R. Chang-Diaz STS 24
Mary L. Cleave STS 23
Michael L. Coats STS 12
Michael Collins Gemini X Apollo 11
Charles Pete Conrad Gemini V XI Apollo 12 Skylab 2
Leroy Gordon Cooper Mercury 9 (Faith 7) Gemini V
Richard O. Covey STS 20
John O. Creighton STS 18
Robert L. Crippen STS 1 STS 7 STS 11 STS 13
Walter M. Cunnigham Apollo 7
Charles M. Duke Jr. Apollo 16
Bonnie J. Dunbar STS 22
Donn F. Eisele Apollo 7
Joe H. Engle STS T2 T4 2 20
Anthony W. England STS 19
Ronald E. Evans Apollo 17
John M. Fabian STS 7 STS 18
Dr. Anna L. Fisher STS 14
William F. Fisher STS 20
C. Gordon Fullerton STS T1 T3 T5 3 19
Richard Furrer STS 22
Dale A. Gardner STS 8 STS 14
Sen. Jake Garn STS 16
Mark Garneau STS 13 (Canada)
Owen K. Garriott Skylab 3 STS 9
Edward G. Gibson Skylab 4
Robert 'Hoot' Gibson STS 10 STS 24
John H. Glenn Mercury 6 (Friendship 7)
Richard F. Gordon Jr. Gemini XI Apollo 12
Ronald J. Grabe STS 21
Frederick D. Gregory STS 17
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
AMERICAN ASTRONAUTS FLIGHTS
------------------- -------------------------------------
S. David Griggs STS 16
Virgil I. (Gus) Grissom Merc 4 (Liberty Bell 7) Gemini III
Fred W. Haise Jr. Apollo 13 STS T1 T3 T5
Terry J. Hart STS 11
Henry W. Hartsfield STS 4 STS 12 STS 22
Fredric 'Rick' H. Hauk STS 7 STS 14
Steven A. Hawley STS 12 STS 24
Karl G. Henize STS 19
David C. Hilmers STS 21
Jeffrey A. Hoffman STS 16
James B. Irwin Apollo 15
Gregory B. Jarvis STS 25
Joseph P. Kerwin Skylab 2
David C. Leetsma STS 13
William B. Lenoir STS 5
Byron Lichtenberg STS 9
Don L. Lind STS 17
John M. Lounge STS 20
Jack R. Lousma Skylab 3 STS 3
James A. Lovell Jr. Gemini VII XII Apollo 8 13
Shannon W. Lucid STS 18
John M. Lounge STS 20
Sharon Christa McAuliffe STS 25
Jon A. McBride STS 13
Bruce McCandless STS 10
James A. McDivitt Gemini IV Apollo 9
Ronald G. McNair STS 10 STS 25
Thomas K. Mattingley II Apollo 16 STS 4 STS 15
Ulf Merbold STS 9
Ernst Messersclmid STS 22
Edgar D. Mitchell Apollo 14
Richard M. Mullane STS 12
Dr. F. Story Musgrove STS 6 STS 19
Steven R. Nagel STS 18 STS 22
George 'Pinky' O. Nelson STS 11 STS 24
Rep. William Nelson STS 24
Rudolfo Neri STS 23 (Mexico)
Bryan D. O'Connor STS 23
Wubbo J. Ockels STS 22
Ellison S. Onizuka STS 15 STS 25
Robert F. Overmyer STS 5 STS 17
William A. Pailes STS 21
Robert A. Parker STS 9
Gary E. Payton STS 15
Donald H. Peterson STS 6
William R. Pogue Skylab 4
Dr. Judith A. Resnick STS 12 STS 25
Sally K. Ride STS 7 STS 13
Stuart A. Roosa Apollo 14
Jerry L. Ross STS 23
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
AMERICAN ASTRONAUTS FLIGHTS
------------------- -------------------------------------
Walter M. Schirra Merc 8 (Sigma 7) Gem VI Apollo 7
Harrison H. Schmitt Apollo 17
Russell L. Schweickart Apollo 9
Francis 'Dick' R. Scobee STS 11 STS 25
David R. Scott Gemini VIII Apollo 9 Apollo 15
Pauk D. Scully-Power STS 13
Dr. M. Rhea Seddon STS 16
Brewster H. Shaw Jr. STS 9 STS 23
Alan B. Shepard Jr. Mercury 3 (Freedom 7)
Loren J. Shriver STS 15
Donald (Deke) K. Slayton Apollo 18
Michael J. Smith STS 25
Sherwood C. Spring STS 23
Thomas P. Stafford Gemini VI Gemini IX Apollo 10
Robert Stewart STS 10 STS 21
Kathryn D. Sullivan STS 13
John L. Swigert Jr. Apollo 13
Dr. Norman E. Thagard STS 7 STS 17
Dr. William E. Thornton STS 8 STS 17
Richard H. Truly STS T2 T4 2 8
Lodewijk K. Van Den Berg STS 17
James 'Ox' Van D. Hofften STS 11 STS 20
Charles D. Walker STS 12 STS 16 STS 23
David M. Walker STS 14
Taylor G. Wang STS 17
Paul J. Weitz Skylab 2 STS 6
Edward H. White II Gemini IV
Donald E. Williams STS 16
Alfred M. Worden Apollo 15
John W. Young Gem III X Apollo 10 16 STS I 9
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
*********
* NOTES *
*********
On January 27, ?1967 Virgil Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee died when
?testing ?their Apollo capsule. ?The capsule was scheduled ?to take off in
Mid-February as the first manned Apollo launching.
Although most people think John Glenn was the first man in space ?he was
actually the fifth. He was the first American to go into orbit. An
interesting sidelight is that of all the Americans who went ?into space he has
logged the least space flight time.
America has launched 56 ?manned space flights logging 483 days. ?The 132
astronauts have logged 1522 man days in space.
The manned space program was halted after the Challenger tragedy but is
scheduled to resume in February, 1988.
Compiled by Bruce T. Goldman - March 4, 1987
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
*****************
* VOSTOK (East) *
*****************
## CAPSULE DATE ORBITS COSMONAUTS HOUR MIN
-------------------------------------------------------------------
01 I 04/12/61 1 Yuri A. Gagarin 01 48
02 II 08/06/61 16 Gherman S. Titov 25 18
03 III 08/11/62 60 Andrian G. Nikolayev 94 22
04 IV 08/12/62 45 Pavel R. Popovich 70 57
05 V 06/14/63 76 Valery F. Bykovsky 119 06
06 VI 06/16/63 45 Valentina V. Tereshkova 70 50
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
*********************
* VOSKHOD (Sunrise) *
*********************
## CAPSULE DATE ORBITS COSMONAUTS HOUR MIN
-------------------------------------------------------------------
07 I 12/12/64 15 Vladimir M. Komarov 24 17
Konstantin P. Feoktistov
Dr. Boris B. Yegorov
08 II 03/18/65 16 Alexei A. Leonov 26 02
Pavel I. Belyayev
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
*****************
* SOYUZ (Union) *
*****************
## CAPSULE DATE ORBITS COSMONAUTS HOUR MIN
-------------------------------------------------------------------
09 1 04/23/67 17 Vladimir M. Komarov 26 40
04/24/67 (Died in re-entry)
10 3 10/26/68 64 Georgi T. Beregovoi 94 51
11 4 01/14/69 45 Vladimir A. Shatalov 71 14
12 5 01/15/69 46 Boris V. Volynov 72 46
01/18/69 Yevgeny V. Khrunov
Aleksei S. Yeliseyev
13 6 10/11/69 79 Georgy S. Shonin 118 42
10/16/69 Valery N. Kubasov
14 7 10/12/69 79 Anatoly V. Filipchenko 118 41
10/17/69 Vladislav N. Volkov
Viktor V. Gorbatko
15 8 10/13/69 79 Vladimir A. Shatalov 118 50
10/18/69 Aleksei S. Yeliseyev
16 9 06/01/70 286 Andrian G. Nikolayev 424 59
06/19/70 Vitaly I. Sevastyanov 17.5 days
17 10 04/22/71 32 Vladimir A. Shatalov 47 46
04/24/71 Aleksei S. Yeliseyev
Nikolai N. Rukavishmikov
18 11 06/06/71 385 Georgi T. Dobrovolsky 570 22
06/30/71 Vladislav N. Volkov 24 days
Viktor I. Patsayev (all died)
19 12 09/27/73 29 Vasily G. Lazarev 47 16
09/29/73 Oleg Makarov
20 13 12/18/73 119 Pyotr I. Klimuk 188 55
12/26/73 Valentin V. Lebedev 8 days
21 14 04/03/74 236 Pavel R. Popovich 377 30
05/20/74 Yuri Artyukin 47 days
22 15 08/26/74 30 G. V. Sarafanov 48 12
08/28/74 Lev Demen
23 16 12/02/74 96 Anatoly V. Filipchenko 110 24
12/08/74 Nikolai N. Rukavishmikov 6 days
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
*****************
* SOYUZ (Union) *
*****************
## CAPSULE DATE ORBITS COSMONAUTS HOUR MIN
-------------------------------------------------------------------
24 17 01/11/75 426 Georgi Grechko 709 20
02/09/75 Alexei Gubarev 30 days
25 18A 04/05/75 0 Vasily G. Lazarev Rocket failed
Oleg Makarov
26 18B 05/24/75 930 Pyotr I. Klimuk 1511 20
07/26/75 Vitaly I. Sevastyanov 63 days
27 19 06/15/75 96 Alexei A. Leonov 143 31
06/21/75 Valery N. Kubasov Apollo 18
28 21 07/06/76 741 Boris V. Volynov 1218 24
08/24/76 Vitaly Zhobolov 50 days
29 22 09/15/76 127 Valery F. Bykovsky 189 54
09/23/76 Vladimir V. Aksyonov 8 days
30 23 10/14/76 30 Vyacheslav D. Zudov 48 06
10/16/76 Valery Rozhdestvensky 2 days
31 24 02/07/77 275A Viktor V. Gorbatko 425 06
02/25/77 Yuri Glazkov 18 days
32 25 10/09/77 30A Vladimir V. Kovalenok 48 46
10/11/77 Valery V. Ryumin 2 days
33 26 12/10/77 1600A Georgi Grechko 2314 00
03/16/78 Yuri Romanenko 96 days
34 27 01/10/78 90A Vladimir Dzhanibekov 142 04
01/16/78 Oleg Makarov 6 days
35 28 03/02/78 120A Alexei Gubarev 188 16
03/10/78 Vladimir Remek 8 days
36 29/31 06/15/78 2100A Vladimir V. Kovalenok 3350 48
11/02/78 Alekander Ivanchenkov 140 days
37 30 06/27/78 120A Pyotr I. Klimuk 190 04
07/05/78 Miroslaw Hermaszewski 8 days
38 31/29 08/26/78 102A Sigmund Jaehn 188 49
09/03/78 Valery F. Bykovsky 7 days
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
*****************
* SOYUZ (Union) *
*****************
## CAPSULE DATE ORBITS COSMONAUTS HOUR MIN
-------------------------------------------------------------------
39 32/34 02/25/79 2700A Valery V. Ryumin 4200 36
08/19/79 Vladimir A. Lyakhov 175 days
40 33 04/10/79 30A Nikolai N. Rukavishnikov 47 01
04/12/79 Georgi Ivanov 2 days
41 35/37 04/09/80 3000A Leonid I. Popov 4436 12
10/11/80 Valery V. Ryumin 185 days
42 36/35 05/26/80 120A Valery N. Kubasov 188 46
06/03/80 Bertalan Farkas 8 days
43 T-2 06/05/80 57A Yuri V. Malyshev 94 22
06/09/80 Vladimir V. Aksyonov 4 days
44 37/36 07/23/80 120A Pham Tuan 188 42
07/31/80 Viktor Gorbatko 8 days
45 38 09/18/80 120A Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez 188 43
09/26/80 Yuri Romanenko 8 days
46 T-3 11/27/80 208A Leonid Kizim 307
12/10/80 Oleg Makarov 14 days
Gennady M. Strekalov
47 T-4 03/12/81 1120A Viktor Savinykh 1795
05/26/81 Vladimir Kovalenok 75 days
48 39 03/22/81 120A Vladamir Dzhanibekov 189
03/30/81 Jugderdemdidyin Gurragcha 8 days
49 40 05/14/81 120A Leonid I. Popov 192A
05/22/81 Dumitry Prunariu 8 days
50 T-5 05/13/82 ?? Anatoly Berezovoy 5073
12/10/82 Valentin V. Lebedev 211 days
51 T-6 06/24/82 ?? Vladimir Dzhanibekov 189
07/02/82 Alekander Ivanchenkov 8 days
Jean-Loup Chretien
52 T-7 08/19/82 ?? Leonid I. Popov 189 52
08/27/82 Svetlana Savitskaya 8 days
Aleksandr A. Serebrov
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
*****************
* SOYUZ (Union) *
*****************
## CAPSULE DATE ORBITS COSMONAUTS HOUR MIN
-------------------------------------------------------------------
53 T-8 04/21/83 ?? Aleksandr A. Serebrov 24A
04/22/83 Gennady M. Strekalov 1 day
Vladimir G. Titov
54 T-9 06/27/83 ?? ? Aleksandrov 3576
11/25/83 Vladimir A. Lyakhov 149 days
55 T-10 02/08/84 ?? Oleg Atkov ?? ??
??/??/84 Leonid Kizim ??? days
Vladimir Solovyez
56 T-11 04/02/84 ?? Yuri V. Malyshev 216A
04/11/84 Rakesh Sharma 9 days
Gennady M. Strekalov
57 T-? 07/26/84 ?? Svetlana Savitskaya
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Russian Cosmonauts Flights
------------------ -------
Vladimir V. Aksyonov Soyuz 22 Soyuz T-2
Aleksandrov Soyuz T-9
Yuri P. Artyukin Soyuz 14
Oleg Atkov Soyuz T-10
Pavel I. Belyayev Voskhod II
Georgi T. Beregovoi Soyuz 3
Anatoly Berezovoy Soyuz T-5
Valery F. Bykovsky Vostok V Soyuz 22 31/39
Jean-Loup Chretien Soyuz T-6 (France)
Lev S. Demen Soyuz 15
Georgi T. Dobrovolsky Soyuz 11
Vladimir Dzhanibekov Soyuz 27 39 T-6
Bertalan Farkas Soyuz 36/35 (Bulgaria)
Konstantin P. Feoktistov Voskhod I
Anatoly V Filipchenko Soyuz 7 Suyuz 16
Yuri A. Gagarin Vostok I
Yuri Glazkov Soyuz 24
Viktor V. Gorbatko Soyuz 7 24 37/36
Georgi M. Grechko Soyuz 17 Soyuz 26
Alexei A. Gubarev Soyuz 17 Soyuz 28
Jugderdemdidyin Gurragcha Soyuz 39 (Mongolia)
Miroslaw Hermaszewski Soyuz 30 (Poland)
Alekander S. Ivanchenkov Soyuz 29/31 T-6
Georgi Ivanov Soyuz 33
Sigmund Jaehn Soyuz 31/29 (German D.R.)
Yevgeny V. Khrunov Soyuz 5
Leonid Kizim Soyuz T-3 Soyuz T-10
Pyotr I. Klimuk Soyuz 13 Soyuz 18B Soyuz 30
Vladimir M. Komarov Voshkod I Soyuz 1
Vladimir V. Kovalenok Soyuz 25 29/31 T-4
Valery N. Kubasov Soyuz 6 19 36/35
Vasily G. Lazarev Soyuz 12 Soyuz 18A
Valentin V. Lebedev Soyuz 13 T-5
Alexei A. Leonov Voskhod II Soyuz 19
Vladimir A. Lyakhov Soyuz 32/34 T-9
Oleg Makarov Soyuz 12 18A 27 T-3
Yuri V. Malyshev Soyuz T-2 Soyuz T-11
Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez Soyuz 38 (Cuban)
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Russian Cosmonauts Flights
------------------ -------
Andrian G. Nikolayev Vostok III Soyuz 9
Viktor I. Patsayev Soyuz 11
Leonid I. Popov Soyuz 35/37 40 T-7
Pavel R. Popovich Vostok IV Soyuz 14
Dumitry Prunariu Soyuz 40 (Rumania)
Vladimir Remek Soyuz 28 (Czechoslovakia)
Yuri V. Romanenko Soyuz 26 Soyuz 38
Valery Rozhdestvensky Soyuz 23
Nikolai N. Rukavishnikov Soyuz 10 Soyuz 16 Soyuz 33
Valery V. Ryumin Soyuz 25 32/34 35/37
G. V. Sarafanov Soyuz 15
Viktor Savinykh Soyuz T-4
Svetlana Savitskaya Soyuz T-7 Soyuz T-?
Aleksandr A. Serebrov Soyuz T-7 Soyuz T-8
Vitaly I. Sevastyanov Soyuz 9 Soyuz 18B
Rakesh Sharma Soyuz T-11
Vladimir A. Shatalov Soyuz 4 Soyuz 8 Soyuz 10
Georgy S. Shonin Soyuz 6
Vladimir Solovyez Soyuz T-10
Gennady M. Strekalov Soyuz T-3 T-8 T-11
Valentina V. Tereshkova Vostok VI
Gherman S. Titov Vostok II
Vladimir G. Titov Soyuz T-8
Pham Tuan Soyuz 37/36 (Vietnam)
Vladislav N. Volkov Soyuz 7 Soyuz 11
Boris V. Volynov Soyuz 5 Soyuz 21
Dr. Boris B. Yegorov Voskhod I
Aleksei S. Yeliseyev Soyuz 5 Soyuz 8 Soyuz 10
Vitaly M. Zhobolov Soyuz 21
Vyacheslav D. Zudov Soyuz 23
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
NOTES
Through the first 57 manned flights, 68 cosmonauts had flown.
In the first 54 flights 1,494 days were logged. 3,137 man days were logged
in space.
Soyuz 29/31, ?31/29, 32/34, 35/37, 36/35 and 37/36 ?were all started in ?one
?capsule and ended in a different one. ?This ?was ?done ?by docking ?with ?the
Salyut space station. ?When a crew with a ?short mission joined the residents
of the Salyut station, ?they would swap capsules so that no capsule would be in
space for a very long time.
Soyuz 2 and 20 were unmanned.
Soyuz 34 ?was also unmanned but its mission was to replace Soyuz 32, so its
cosmonauts would have a fresh capsule to return in.
Soyuz ?18A ?was aborted before achieving orbit and was ?replaced ?by Soyuz
18B.
? = Unknown
Compiled by Bruce T. Goldman, March 4, 1987
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
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