Explosive (ANFO Type)
by lpumsunpiyush
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An explosive composition consisting of an oxidizing agent such as ammonium nitrate and a fuel material that may include a fuel oil and which also comprises a solid fuel such as rubber particles or polystyrene. It has been found that by substituting some or all of the liquid fuel oil with a slower burning solid fuel, the time during which the pressure builds up during detonation is lengthened.
A example of an explosive which is used normally ANFO which is a mixture of ammonium nitrate and vegetable and mineral oils, diesel. The use of ANFO explosives in many blasting situations results in a number of disadvantages.
Accordingly there to provide an explosive composition comprising an oxidizing agent in solid particle form and a fuel material, wherein said fuel material includes a non-absorbent solid fuel material incorporated into the composition in particulate form, the weight ratio of the oxidizing agent to the fuel material being in the range of 85:15 to 99:1, and the percentage by weight of the solid fuel material is set between 1 to 15% of the total weight of the composition, the balance, if any, of the fuel material comprising a liquid hydrocarbon component, and wherein at least one of the dimensions of the solid fuel material particles is of a similar size to or larger than the oxidizing agent particles so that a significant proportion of the oxidizing agent particles are not in contact with any solid fuel material particles.
Typically, the oxidizing agent is selected from ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and ammonium per chlorate any of these oxidizers will work; say potassium nitrate will also do the work. But ammonium nitrate is at the best.
The fuel material includes a fuel oil component, diesel and may include mixtures of different oils. It is to be noted that fuel oils having a higher boiling point than diesel oil may be employed either in place of or in combination with the diesel oil. The preferred fuel oils should all be hydrocarbon fuels. Some other cheap oil can also replace the diesel.
In one preferred embodiment no fuel oil is employed, the fuel material being comprised entirely of solid fuel.
The solid fuel is selected from the group comprising rubber, polystyrene in solid form, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)(plastic type rubber can also be used in possible), waxed wood, rosin and other suitable non-absorbent carbonaceous materials. Preferred solid fuels are rubber or polystyrene, with rubber being the most preferred. The rubber may be selected from natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers, or combinations.
Other materials, which may optionally be added to the composition, include binders, retardants, inert materials, fillers, or the like. One example of an inert material added to the composition is silicon dioxide in the form of sand particles.
It is preferred that the combined amounts of fuel oil and rubber be from 6 to 9% by weight of the total weight of the explosive composition, more preferably 6 to 7% with the amount of fuel oil being from as low as 0% to 5% of the total weight.
It is further preferred in one embodiment that the low shock explosive composition of the present invention have a composition in which the AN: FO: solid fuel ratio is within the range from 94:2:4 to 96:11/2:21/2.
They can be made of some of the following percentages
Ammonium nitrate 90-95%
Fuel oils 5-21/2%
Solid fuels 5-21/2%
The above percentages and ratios of are of the same order. It can be changed with the compositions content. The contents can also be changed for the viability of the things.
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