The Universal Bill of Rights

PREAMBLE

This Universal Bill of Rights is promulgated under the authority of the Universal Supreme Law; the Law of God; the Law of Nature; the Law of the Constitution; and the Law of Common Sense.

The Highest Law is:

"Every person has an absolute right to do anything that is not a provable threat to others."

INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS

Under the provisions of Article IV, Sec. 2, Article VI, Par. 2 and Amendments IX, X and XIV of the United States Constitution, this Universal Bill of Rights has the standing and force of Constitutional Law in the United States of America. It shall serve as a standard for all of the world.

This Bill of Rights is supported by various provisions of the Constitutions of the several (United) States of America which, in turn, support and are supported by the Constitution of the United States of America. It is applicable in all courts.

We the People are the only possessors of police power, which we have delegated to the government for limited purposes of defense. So-called "police power of the state" is abhorrent to a free society and will not be allowed to exist.

Legislative acts which violate this Bill of Rights are void; the Judiciary shall so declare them, and the Executive branch shall refrain from enforcement.

Where the meaning of this Bill of Rights is clear and unambiguous, there can be no resort to construction to attribute to the founders a purpose or intent not manifest in its letter.

Should the meaning of, or between, provisions of this Bill of Rights be not clear, the conflict can be resolved by the application of the following question: Is there a clear threat to life, physical safety, liberty or property? If not, the question must be decided in favor of no government action. If there is a clear threat, such threat must be confirmed by a jury; the jury may retroactively sanction whatever protective action was taken by the government; provided, any such protective action not so sanctioned must be penalized if harm to an individual results therefrom.

Where conflict remains, the resolution must favor the defendant individual.

Stated simply, as long as an individual does not threaten or harm others by his actions, no human agency has a right to bother him in any way .

This Bill of Rights has been developed by and on behalf of We the People in order to assert our rights; to prevent misconstruction or abuse of power by government; and to insure the beneficent ends of its institution.

No provision of the Constitution or laws of any Country or other geographic or civic entity shall ever be construed or applied in any way which would deny to any person or agency the protections enumerated herein.

The essential and unquestionable rights and principles herein mentioned shall be established, maintained and preserved, and shall be of paramount obligation in all legislative, judicial and executive proceedings.

No lawmaking body of any Nation shall ever pass a law contrary to the intent and words of this Bill of Rights. Any such contrary laws which may exist are null and void, and morally unenforceable.

This Bill of Rights is a BARRIER, to protect the individual against arbitrary exactions of majorities, executives, legislatures, courts, sheriffs, and prosecutors.

The individual is Sovereign.

NOTE: Many provisions herein are reprinted verbatim from individual (U.S.) State Constitutions, in the interest of historical accuracy. A certain amount of redundancy and irregular grammar can be expected. Where the word "man" or "men" appears it shall be understood to include women and children, as applicable. The placement of rights in specific categories herein for convenience, shall not detract from their application elsewhere.

ARTICLE 1 - GENERAL PRINCIPLES

1. The enumeration in this Bill of Rights of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny, impair, or disparage others, all of which are retained by the people individually. Permits or permission are not needed to exercise rights.

2. All rights and powers not herein enumerated, remain with the people.

3. All powers not unanimously granted to the government are retained by those individuals who elect to reserve such powers.

4. The provisions of this Bill of Rights are mandatory, prohibitory and sacredly obligatory upon all; and all laws contrary thereto shall be void.

5. This enumeration of rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people; and to guard against any encroachments on the rights herein retained, or any transgression of any of the higher powers herein delegated, we declare that everything in this Bill of Rights is excepted out of the general powers of the government; and shall forever remain inviolate; and that all laws contrary thereto or to the other provisions herein contained shall be void.

6. The body politic is formed by a voluntary association of individuals.

7. There exists no hereditary entitlement to emoluments, honors or privileges.

8. All men and corporations are equal in rights; and no man or set of men are entitled to exclusive public emoluments or privileges under the law.

9. The right of complaint, and of the people peaceably to assemble to consult for the common good, and to make known their opinions, shall never be denied or abridged.

10. The right of the people to revolt individually or collectively against any agency, including government, which seeks to suppress the rights guaranteed by this Bill of Rights, shall exist forever.

11. Zoning and planning laws, motor vehicle laws, building codes and other similar statutes are guides and shall not be used as a basis for prosecution unless harm or a clear threat of harm to life, liberty or property results from their being ignored.

12. It is a crime to claim a defense of "obedience to orders" for violations of this Bill of Rights, except to produce evidence of public protest against such violations.

13. Treason against a government shall consist only in participating in active, unproductive aggression against it. No person shall be convicted of treason without the testimony of at least two witnesses before a jury, or on confession in open court.

14. This Bill of Rights may be expanded and/or updated at any time by any person, in a manner not inconsistent with the principles enumerated herein. In the event of conflict the individual or the accused shall prevail unless and until a jury deems otherwise.

15. Simply stated, in any argument between an individual and the government, the individual wins.

ARTICLE II - GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY

1. The sole object and only legitimate end of government is to protect each individual in the enjoyment of life, liberty, and property, and when the government assumes other functions it is usurpation and oppression. This protection shall be impartial and complete.

2. The rights enumerated in this Bill of Rights are inalienable and shall be preserved inviolate by the government.

3. All power is inherent in the people, and all free governments are founded on their authority, and instituted to protect their lives, liberty and property, equally and to maintain individual rights; for the advancement of these ends, the people have at all times an inalienable and indefeasible right to alter, reform or abolish the government in such manner as they may think proper.

4. Public officials shall not be immune from prosecution for violations of this Bill of Rights whether or not perpetrated in the performance of their duties.

5. No judicial, executive or legislative immunity shall exist, and any government official who claims immunity shall be deemed to have committed a crime.

6. All persons in government positions, elected or appointed and regardless of official capacity, are public servants and subservient to each non-government individual.

7. Defenses through trial by jury shall be available to government officials, in the same manner as to all other persons.

8. To justify its existence, a government must be prepared and anxious to preserve, protect and defend the life, liberty, property and other rights of all persons, equally.

9. To justify its existence, a government must guarantee that all persons shall have access to a justice system in which all immunities enumerated in this Bill of Rights shall be protected.

10. All government agencies shall abide by and be subject to this Bill of Rights and/or shall be subject to penalties for failure to do so.

ARTICLE III - OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS

1. Decency, security, and liberty alike demand that government officials shall be subjected to the same rules of conduct that are commands to the individual.

2. All government officials, elected or appointed, must take an Oath or Affirmation to, and be bound by the laws incorporated in this Bill of Rights.

3. All officials at all levels of government are bound by the United States Constitution and all federal, state, county and municipal statutes which conform thereto as well as the State Constitution of the jurisdiction wherein they work and reside.

4. It is more important for the government to obey the law than it is for the people to do so.

5. Government may not prohibit or control the conduct of a person for reasons that infringe upon freedoms guaranteed by this Bill of Rights.

6. Magistrates and other officials are trustees and servants of the people and at all times accountable to them.

7. The benefits of a free government can only be maintained by a firm adherence of all public officials to justice, moderation, temperance, frugality and frequent recurrence to fundamental principles.

8. Disobedience or evasion of this Bill of Rights may not be tolerated, even though such disobedience may promote in some respects the best interests of the public.

9. It is a crime for any agent or agency of government to interrupt a sovereign citizen in the exercise of free speech.

ARTICLE IV - OBLIGATIONS OF INDIVIDUALS

1. All men have a natural, inherent and inalienable right to enjoy and defend their lives and liberties; to acquire, possess and protect property; to worship or not worship according to the dictates of their consciences; to assemble peaceably, protest against wrongs and claim redress of grievances; to communicate freely their thoughts and opinions, being responsible for the abuse of that right.

2. All persons have the inherent right to the enjoyment of the gains of their own (lawful) industry.

3. All men when they form a social compact, are equal in rights; and no man, or set of men are entitled to exclusive emoluments or privileges from the community.

4. All men are, by nature, equally free and independent, and have certain inherent rights of which, when they enter into a state of society, they cannot by any compact, deprive or divest their posterity, namely; The enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of acquiring and possessing property and of pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety.

5. By nature, complete equality cannot exist; nevertheless all persons are entitled to equal rights, opportunities, and protection under the law.

6. In their inherent right t o liberty and to acquire property (the pursuit of happiness), all members of the human race are equal.

7. Parents and guardians have the right to act for children to the extent that the children do not yet possess the maturity to act for themselves.

8. The individual owes nothing to the public as long as he does not trespass upon rights of others.

9. One need not be a criminal to claim rights.

10. There shall be no distinction between persons because of race, color, religion, ideology, sex, physical handicap, circumstance or condition whatsoever (other than individual incompetency as determined by a jury) in the application of this Bill of Rights.

11. The right of private discrimination cannot be condoned or condemned by the law.

12. Mentally incompetent persons may not be imprisoned , nor deprived of life, liberty or property unless shown to be a clear threat to others, to the satisfaction of a jury.

13. Generally, adults found by a jury to be mentally incompetent shall be treated by the law in the same manner as minor children.

ARTICLE V - RIGHTS AND PROHIBITIONS

SECTION ONE - FREEDOM AND FREE ENTERPRISE

1. Firms, corporations and other voluntary associations have the same rights and liabilities as persons under this Bill of Rights.

2. Members of a corporation shall not be deprived of their liberties or property, unless by a trial by jury as in other cases.

3. Absolute and arbitrary power over the lives, liberty and property of free men exists nowhere in a free society, not even in the largest majority.

4. A person may not be bound by any law to which he has not assented, as long as he is not a clear threat to others.

5. Every member of the community has a right to be protected by it, in the enjoyment of the rights enumerated herein.

6. Where rights secured by this Bill of Rights are involved, there can be no rule m making or legislation which would abrogate them.

7. There can be no sanction or penalty imposed upon one because of his exercise of basic rights.

8. No person shall ever be required to surrender one basic right in order to assert another.

9. Slavery shall not be allowed to exist, anywhere.

10. Involuntary servitude shall not be allowed to exist, except for the purpose of requiring an aggressor to compensate a victim of his crime, whereof the aggressor shall have been duly convicted. Taxes for "welfare!" are a form of involuntary servitude.

11. The right of persons to work, shall not be denied, or abridged on account of membership or non-membership in any labor union, bar association or other such organization.

SECTION TWO - LIMITATIONS OF GOVERNMENT

1. Public employees shall not have the right to strike. Because all public employees are presumed to be engaged in the protection of life, as well as liberty an d property; any person accepting such employment must be willing and shall be expected to waive the right to strike as a condition of employment.

2. No person or agency, including government, shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the immunities (rights) and protections of this Bill of Rights.

3. No person or agency, including government, shall deprive any person of life, physical safety, liberty, property or any other rights guaranteed by this Bill of Rights, without the sanction of a jury.

4. No person or agency, including government, shall ever deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of all rights guaranteed by this Bill of Rights.

5. There shall be no nobility or titles of nobility created by law.

6. Except where funds are donated, no government employees shall be paid at a rate higher than his counterpart in the non- government job market.

7. No person shall be entitled to a government pension unless he shall have been engaged in a function directly concerned with the protection of life, physical safety, liberty and property in which his life shall have been under threat; such as a soldier or a policeman.

8. Government pensions must not be paid with involuntary tax dollars.

9. Government subsidies are not allowed except when funds are donated for specific subsidy purposes; such funds to be used for the administration as well as implementation of the specific program.

10. All government agencies are prohibited from sponsoring gambling activities except for the purpose of raising funds for the protection of life, physical safety, liberty and property under this Bill of Rights.

11. There can be no restrictions on voluntary private gambling.

12. The right of emigration and immigration of all persons shall not be infringed or restricted in any way.

13. The use of passports and other identification must be voluntary on the part of each individual.

14. Importation or exportation of any product or service related to the sustenance of life shall not be infringed or restricted in any way.

15. Competition with government activities is an inalienable right and may not be prohibited or restricted.

16. Opening and closing hours of private activities may not be decreed.

17. The right to bring suit against a government is inviolate; and no judge or any other official shall be immune from suit.

18. Governmental entities shall have no immunity from suit for injury to person or property.

19. Government immunity violates the common law maxim that everyone shall have remedy for an injury done to his person or property.

20. Immunity fosters neglect and breeds irresponsibility, while liability promotes care and caution, which caution and care is owed by government to its people.

* * * * * * * * * *

SECTION THREE

PROHIBITIONS AGAINST GOVERNMENT COERCION

1. There can be no infringements of activities related to individual procurement of the necessities of life, unless such infringement is clearly authorized by this Bill of Rights.

2. It is a crime for any person or agency to confiscate property or other possessions of any other person or agency, without the other's consent or the unanimous consent of a jury.

3. No person can be held responsible for any debts incurred by any legislative or other government body, unless he has affirmatively and consciously agreed, in advance, to shoulder such debts.

4. No person or agency, including government, shall issue currency which is not redeemable in coin of value or other universally recognized medium of exchange with intrinsic value of its own, such as gold and silver.

5. No government agency will initiate or impose any policy which would result in inflation; a devaluation of a unit of currency. Currency must be kept stable.

SECTION FOUR - INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES

1. Every person has a right to keep and bear arms and this right shall never be questioned.

2. All persons have and shall retain the right to keep and bear arms without restriction; but shall be responsible for any abuse of that right.

3. No person shall be disturbed in his private affairs, or his home invaded, without his own consent or the authority of a jury decision.

4. No part of the property of any individual can be taken from him or applied to public uses, without his own consent.

5. The right of property is before and higher than any constitutional sanction. Private property shall not be taken for private use without the consent of the owner nor for public use without just compensation being first made therefor; and not in any case until after a jury shall have agreed unanimously that such taking is vital to the protection of the lives, liberty and property of everyone, including the owner.

6. There is no right of eminent domain.

7. No soldier shall ever be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner or lawful occupant.

8. No person shall be harmed in his life, physical safety, liberty, property, or other rights by any other person or agency as long as his actions are not a clear, provable threat to others.

9. The claim and exercise of any right cannot be converted to a crime.

10. The right of individual privacy is essential to the well-being of a free society and shall not be infringed without the showing of a compelling state interest to the satisfaction of a jury.

11. No Bill of Attainder shall be passed or enforced.

12. No Bill of Pains and Penalties shall be passed or enforced.

13. A person may not be penalized for ignoring a Bill of Attainder or a Bill of Pains and Penalties.

14. A person may not be penalized for ignoring any law, statute, ordinance, regulation or custom which would tend to deprive him of his rights (immunities) as enumerated in this Bill of Rights.

15. Retroactive laws, punishing acts committed before the existence of such laws and by them only declared criminal, are oppressive, unjust, and incompatible with liberty, and therefore no ex post facto law shall be enacted, or enforced; nor any retroactive oath or restriction be imposed, or required.

16. All persons are entitled to at least the immunities secured to all other persons, everywhere.

17. No person can be subjected to any liabilities prohibited by this Bill of Rights.

18. No person shall be bound by a judicial or quasi-judicial decision of an administrative agency; nor shall he be subject to the same person for both prosecution and adjudication; nor shall he be deprived of the right to judicial review.

19. A person may not be deprived of (or restricted in) his right to do as he pleases with his own life, liberty or property, so long as he does not become a clear and provable threat to the equal rights of others.

20. Except in self defense, including defense of rights, the use of armed force against other persons is prohibited.

21. No person shall be bound to obey any law, statute, ordinance, regulation or custom which is contrary to this Bill of Rights.

22. Every person shall be free to speak, write or publish or otherwise communicate his sentiments on any subject and shall be responsible for the abuse of that right; but, the truth by itself shall be sufficient defense in any charge of libel or slander.

23. No person can be held permanently to a contract which requires waiver of basic rights and to which he would not have agreed had he known such waiver was involved; provided only a jury can cancel such a contract and the burden of proof must be on the person claiming relief.

24. Service in the military shall be voluntary. No person shall be compelled to bear arms.

25. No man shall be compelled to send his child to any school to which he may be conscientiously opposed.

26. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or tort except in cases of fraud, absconding debtor, libel judgment, slander judgment or where no other means of redress is available; but in no case shall any person be imprisoned for debt unless opportunity is provided for retiring the debt through a voluntary work program.

SECTION FIVE - RELIGIOUS LIBERTIES

1. The civil and political rights, privileges and capacities of no person shall be diminished or enlarged on account of his religious belief.

2. The rights of conscience shall never be infringed; nor shall any man be compelled to attend, erect or support any place of worship, or to maintain any ministry against his consent, nor shall any control of, or interference with, the rights of conscience be permitted, or any preference be given by law to any religious establishments or modes of worship; nor shall any money be drawn from the treasury or appropriated for or applied to any religious worship, exercise or instruction, or for the support of any ecclesiastical establishment.

SECTION SIX - TAXATION

1. The only lawful mandatory tax is a poll tax, for those who choose to vote. A person may not be compelled to vote.

2. There is no other right of mandatory taxation.

3. No subsidy, charge, tax, impost, or duty, shall be established, fixed, laid or levied, under any pretext whatsoever, without the consent of the people, individually and any taxation shall be equal and uniform.

4. There can be no tax on the necessities of life.

5. Taxation is based on voluntary assessment and payment, not upon distraint.

6. Tax monies may not be used to compete with private enterprise.

7. To lay with one hand the power of government on the property of the individual and with the other to bestow it on favored individuals, is none the less robbery because it was done under the forms of law and is called taxation.

SECTION SEVEN - PROPERTY AND COMMERCE

1. No government shall control water or any other natural resource.

2. No government shall own land, buildings or other property not in active use.

3. Private property shall not be taken for private use unless by consent of the owner, except for public ways of necessity, after a jury shall determine that such taking will alleviate a clear threat to the lives, liberty and property of all; private property shall not be taken or damaged without just compensation.

4. All navigable waters shall remain forever public highways, free to all persons, without tax, impost or toll; and no tax, toll, impost or wharfage shall be demanded or received from the owner of any merchandise or commodity for the use of the shores or any wharf erected on the shores with tax monies, in or over the waters of any navigable streams.

5. There can be no toll or other charge for the use of any public highway, bridge, building or other public enterprise.

6. Though perpetuities and monopolies can be contrary to the genius of a free state, corporations shall enjoy the same rights and incur the same obligations as individual persons.

7. Licenses are evidence of monopoly and may not be required by law.

8. No distinction shall ever be made by law between aliens and citizens as to the possession, enjoyment and descent of property, and all other natural rights.

SECTION EIGHT - MISCELLANEOUS

1. Any civic body which claims to represent the general populace, is prohibited from holding secret sessions.

2. Any secret vote, including an election, which could result in violations of this Bill of Rights, is automatically invalid.

3. The doctrine of non-resistance against arbitrary power and oppression is absurd, slavish and destructive of the good and happiness of mankind.

ARTICLE VI - EXECUTIVE RESPONSIBILITY

1. Any government which claims the loyalty of the People must abide by this Bill of Rights and must be divided into three distinct departments; The legislative, executive and judicial, and no person or collection of persons charged with the exercise of powers properly belonging to one of these departments shall exercise any powers properly belonging to either of the others.

2. This Bill of Rights is mandatory, prohibitory and obligatory on all three departments of government.

3. Any government official who implements or supports in any way a law or statute which is contrary to this Bill of Rights shall be subject to prosecution.

4. It shall be the responsibility of the Executive department to see that violators of this Bill of Rights are prosecuted.

5. It is a crime for any Executive Officer to implement or enforce any law or statute in such a manner as to violate this Bill of Rights.

6. The Executive Officer is expected and required to resist and oppose any usurpation of power on the part of the legislative or Judicial branches of government.

7. The Executive Officer is expected and required to invoke all laws and prosecute all cases in which the Legislature or Judiciary become a threat to individuals in violation of this Bill of Rights.

8. There can be no time limit for prosecution of public officials, including judges, for violations of this Bill of Rights. Public officials who continue to violate the provisions herein after they have been presented with a copy, shall be subject to additional penalties upon conviction.

ARTICLE VII - LEGISLATIVE RESPONSIBILITY

1. This Bill of Rights is superior to any ordinary act of the Legislature; the Bill of Rights and not such ordinary act, must govern the case to which they both apply.

2. All laws which are repugnant to this Bill of Rights are null and void.

3. It is a crime for any legislator to propose a law or statute which is contrary to this Bill of Rights.

4. All acts of a Legislature contrary to natural right and justice are void.

5. The Legislature shall make no law abridging, curtailing or restraining the freedom of speech, or of the press.

6. The Legislature is expected and required to resist and oppose any usurpation of power on the part of the Executive or Judicial branches of government.

7. No legislature shall make any law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. No preference shall be given by law to any sect or mode of worship, nor shall any person be rendered incompetent to hold office or serve as witness or juror because of his religious belief.

8. No religious test shall be required as a qualification for any office or public trust.

9. No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted by the Legislature.

10. The social status of persons shall never be the subject of legislation.

11. Individual legislators who vote in favor, are liable for all debts incurred in violation of this Bill of Rights.

12. It shall be unlawful for any legislator to propose the circulation of currency which is less than 100% redeemable in gold, silver or other universally recognized medium of exchange which has intrinsic value of its own.

13. The Legislature may not authorize the trial of the issue of mental incompetency without a jury.

14. No law shall delegate to any commission, bureau, board or other administrative agency authority to make any rule fixing a fine, imprisonment or any other penalty as punishment for its violation.

15. Any law, statute, ordinance or regulation "passed" by any Legislature which is contrary to this Bill of Rights is null and void from the time of its enactment. Such a law or statute is as inoperative as if it had never been passed.

16. Any law, statute, ordinance or regulation "passed" by any Legislature in violation of this Bill of Rights imposes no duties, confers no rights, creates no office, bestows no power or authority on anyone, affords no protection and justifies no acts performed under it.

17. The Legislature shall make no law setting government standards for professional behavior and no law, statute, ordinance or regulation establishing mandatory public licensing shall be passed or enforced.

18. The Legislature shall make no law restricting the right of any person to work at a rate of compensation agreeable to himself and his employer.

19. The Legislature shall make no law fixing prices or otherwise regulating the market.

20. The Legislature shall make no law abridging the right of the people peaceably to assemble or to claim a redress for grievances. This right includes the right of remonstrance.

21. The Legislature shall make no law restricting the right of fishery and access to shorelines.

22. There can be no law or enforcement of law which would impair the right of the people to gamble; there can be no law which would impair other activities in which there is no involuntary participant.

23. There can be no law or enforcement of law, which would impair the obligation of contracts, including marriage contracts.

24. The right of the citizens to opportunities for education should have practical recognition. The Legislature shall suitably encourage education by means not at variance with this Bill of Rights and without the expenditure of tax monies.

25. The Legislature shall make no law which would shift the burden of proof from the accuser to the accused. It is the responsibility of the accuser to overcome the presumption of innocence enjoyed by all.

26. Votes on legislation which might have an impact on We the People shall be by roll call and shall be recorded.

ARTICLE VIII - JUDICIAL RESPONSIBILITIES

SECTION ONE - JUDICIAL PROCEDURE

1. The Judiciary is expected and required to resist and oppose any usurpation of power on the part of the Executive and Legislative branches of government.

2. After a charge has been ignored by a grand or petit jury no person shall be held to answer to that charge, or for trial therefor.

3. All courts shall be open and every person, for an injury or wrong done to him in his person, property, immunities, privacy, or reputation, shall have remedy and right and justice administered without sale, denial, delay, or prejudice. This includes his movable and immovable possessions.

4. In no instance shall any accused person before final judgment be compelled to advance money or fees to secure the rights herein guaranteed.

5. No court shall be secret. Justice in all cases shall be administered openly, promptly and without delay.

6. Ex parte (one-sided) actions are prohibited, except in cases of default or where habeas corpus proceedings might be delayed in cases of unlawful prosecution.

7. No statutes, rules, or court decisions shall ever be a bar to justice.

8. No person shall be liable to be transported out of a district for trial for any offense committed within the same without his consent.

9. It is the right of every person to be tried by judges (and jurors) who are as free, impartial and independent as the lot of humanity will admit.

10. The jury acts not only as a safeguard against judicial excesses, but also as a barrier to legislative and executive oppression. The jury is designed to protect Defendants against oppressive governmental practices.

11. The jury has an unreviewable and unreversible power to acquit in disregard of the instructions on the law given by the trial judge.

12. The common law right of the jury to determine the law as well as the facts remains unimpaired. The jury will be reminded of this right (and obligation) in each case.

13. Justice in all cases shall be administered openly and without unnecessary delay.

14. The right of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall never be suspended. Judges, Magistrates, Justices of the Peace, etc., must consider and respond to all such writs, freely, without delay and with out cost; at any time of day or night.

15. The right to record public proceedings is inalienable.

16. The judicial branch has only one duty - to lay this Bill of Rights beside the statute which is challenged and to decide whether the latter squares with the former. The only power the court has is the power of judgment.

17. When any court violates the clear and unambiguous language of this Bill of Rights, a fraud is perpetrated and no one is bound to obey the court.

18. It is the duty of the courts to be watchful for the rights of all persons against any stealthy encroachments thereon.

19. All oaths or affirmations shall be administered in the mode most binding upon the conscience and shall be taken subject to the pains and penalties of perjury.

20. In all courts persons of all persuasions may freely appear in their own way, and according to their own causes themselves, or if unable, by their friends.

* * * * * * * * * *

SECTION TWO - RIGHTS OF ACCUSED

1. All Defendants are entitled to free access, without cost, to the transcript or tapes of all proceedings.

2. The accused shall have the right to full voir dire examination (interrogation) of prospective jurors and to challenge jurors peremptorily. There shall be no limit to the number of challenges for cause, if cause is shown.

3. Every person is presumed innocent of any wrongdoings until he is pronounced guilty by the unanimous decision of a jury of his peers.

4. In matters in which principles are involved, there shall never be any restriction on the right of trial by jury.

5. There can be no abridgement of the right of the accused to present to the jury any and all evidence and testimony which might induce a vote in his favor. So-called rules of evidence can apply only to the prosecution and (possibly) to the accuser.

6. Any person accused of violating or disobeying any order of injunction, or restraint, made or entered by any court or judge shall, before penalty or punishment is imposed, be entitled to a trial by jury as to the guilt or innocence of the accused. In no case shall a penalty or punishment be imposed for contempt, until an opportunity to be heard by a jury is given.

7. No person shall ever be arrested, detained or punished, except for violations of this Bill of Rights.

8. Waiver of basic rights must not be presumed.

9. Courts must indulge every reasonable presumption against waiver of fundamental rights, and not presume acquiescence in the loss of fundamental rights.

10. When any person has been arrested in connection with the investigation or commission of any offense, he shall be advised fully of the reason for his arrest or detention, his right to remain silent, his right against self incrimination, his right to assistance of counsel and his right to court appointed counsel. In all prosecutions, an accused except by the authority of a proper warrant, signed by a judge, after jury authorization.

11. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, against searches, seizures, or invasions of property, shall not be violated, fundamental rights, and not presume acquiescence in the loss of fundamental rights.

12. The right of the people to be secure in their houses and businesses against searches and seizures shall not be violated except by the authority of a proper warrant, signed by a judge, after jury authorization.

13. The right of the people to be secure in their papers and possessions against searches and seizures shall not be violated except by the authority of a proper warrant, signed by a judge, after jury authorization.

14. Any person adversely affected by a search or seizure conducted in violation of this Bill of Rights shall have standing to raise its illegality and to claim redress and damages in the court in which the case is prosecuted or in any other appropriate court.

15. The people shall have a right to be secure against invasions of privacy or interceptions of communications by eavesdropping devices or other means.

16. No warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or Affirmation, charging violations of this Bill of Rights and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized.

17. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on indictment of a Grand Jury.

18. No person shall be required to answer for a misdemeanor, infraction or other lesser crime or offense, unless on indictment of a Petit Jury.

19. The accused shall be entitled to a copy of the indictment, before arrest.

20. No finding of probable cause shall ever be issued before the accused shall have been given an opportunity to respond to the charges and to the evidence.

21. No person shall, for the same alleged crime or offense be twice put in jeopardy of life, physical safety, liberty or property; except for his or her own motion for a new trial after conviction.

22. No person shall after acquittal, be tried for the same offense. Any finding of innocence or non-finding of guilt by any jury, shall constitute a final action.

23. Any dismissal or finding of innocence (not guilty) by a judge shall constitute a final action.

24. No person shall in any case be compelled to give evidence or testimony against himself in any manner. The same right shall apply to private agencies.

25. No person shall be deprived of life or physical safety without due process, including the unanimous consent (judgment) of a jury of his peers.

26. No person shall be deprived of liberty without due process including the unanimous consent (judgment) of a jury of his peers.

27. No person shall be deprived of property or other rights without due process, including the unanimous consent (judgment) of a jury of his peers.

28. In all civil cases the right of Trial by Jury shall remain inviolate, as in criminal cases, without regard to the amount in controversy. This right includes all controversies concerning property.

29. Whenever an attempt is made to take private property for a use alleged to be public, the question whether the contemplated use be really public shall be a judicial question and determined as such by a jury, without regard to any legislative assertion that the use is public.

30. In all prosecutions, criminal or civil, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the district wherein the alleged crime or offense shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation.

31. The accused shall have reasonable time to prepare a defense and must be brought to trial within three working days after announcing his readiness for trial; otherwise the prosecution shall be in default and the accused shall not again be placed in jeopardy under that charge.

32. The accused shall enjoy a right to change of venue, whenever fair treatment is not assured.

33. In all prosecutions, criminal or civil, the accused shall enjoy the right to be confronted by his accuser and by the witnesses against him and the accuser and witnesses must be required to be present in court whenever the accused is required to be present in court.

34. The accused shall enjoy the right to meet the witnesses in their examination face to face and to have compulsory process on application by himself, his friends, or counsel, for obtaining witnesses in his favor.

35. In all prosecutions, criminal or civil, the accused shall have compulsory process for obtaining evidence in his favor.

36. In all criminal and civil prosecutions the accused shall have a right to prosecute or be heard by himself or counsel or both. The court shall be obligated to see to it that the accused shall have counsel available for his defense. Should the accused be not satisfied with counsel provided by the court, he shall have the option to hire counsel of his choice with no restrictions on the right of such counsel to defend the accused in a manner agreeable to the accused.

37. In all prosecutions, criminal or civil, no person shall be barred from prosecuting or defending before any tribunal, by himself or counsel of his choice.

38. Such counsel need not be licensed or otherwise approved by the government.

39. Bail or imprisonment may be allowed where a person is accused of the commission of a felony while on probation or parole, or while free on bail awaiting trial on a previous felony charge except where the proof is evident or the presumption strong that a clear threat to life or property would thereby occur.

40. No accused, who has not previously failed to appear for trial, shall be required to post bail, unless in the case of a capital crime, it can be proven to the satisfaction of all of the Grand Jury members that the accused is not likely to appear to answer to the charges.

41. No person shall be interfered with in his normal pursuits and no vehicle shall be required to pull to the side of any road or highway, except to alleviate a clear threat to life, physical safety, liberty or property.

SECTION THREE - JURIES

1. The right of trial by jury shall be and remain inviolate and shall extend to all cases at law.

2. There can be no Equity jurisdiction to which all parties have not consciously and voluntarily agreed.

3. In all trials, the jury, after being informed of the law by the judge, shall have a right to determine, at their discretion, the law and the facts. The jurors shall be informed of their right to interrogate witnesses.

4. The jury and/or judge must disregard all "laws" which do not conform to this Bill of Rights.

5. Jury service shall be voluntary.

6. All guilty verdicts must be unanimous to be valid.

7. No person shall be convicted of any crime but by the unanimous verdict of a jury in open court. This right may be voluntarily waived; if conscious and recorded.

8. In all trials the members of the jury may not retire or consult with one another before reaching a decision, but must publicly cast a ballot into a suitable container; such ballot to be secret. The ballots must be withdrawn and read one at a time, in public, and the trial shall end in an acquittal at any time that one ballot is withdrawn on which the single word, guilty, does not appear

9. Any person who serves on a jury which convicts (or finds against) the Defendant, shall be ineligible for further jury duty unless acceptable to both prosecution and defense.

10. The highest court shall be a jury of not less than twelve persons, randomly selected, who shall have demonstrated a knowledge of the principles of law contained in this Bill of Rights.

11. The right to be heard in all criminal and civil cases in this court of last resort, by appeal, error, or otherwise, shall not be denied.

12. No jury shall consist of less than twelve persons.

SECTION FOUR - PUNISHMENT AND APPEAL

1. Capital punishment shall not be allowed if the state can achieve its legitimate goals of deterrence and punishment through life imprisonment or other humane methods.

2. Neither banishment nor whipping, as a punishment for crime, shall be allowed; nor shall any person be abused in being arrested, while under arrest, or in prison.

3. The penal code shall be framed on the humane principles of reformation and prevention.

4. No person confined in jail shall be treated with unnecessary rigor. The erection of safe and comfortable prisons and inspection of prisons and the humane treatment of prisoners shall be provided for.

5. Indefinite imprisonment is prohibited, except upon conviction for a capital crime.

6. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor shall bail be required before conviction; except by the authority of a Grand or Petit Jury, unless the bailee is clearly a threat to life liberty or property.

7. In any imprisonment for protective custody or probable cause, the inmate has an inalienable and unrestricted right to be visited by friends and counsel.

8. Excessive fines shall not be imposed.

9. No law shall subject any person to euthanasia, to torture or to cruel, excessive or unusual punishment.

10. The law must treat euthanasia and abortion in the same manner as all other forms of murder.

11. The Defendant's right of appeal shall not be restricted until he has exhausted all avenues of appeal and then been convicted a second time by a jury.

12. Any person appearing before the Supreme Court on appeal shall be presumed innocent and shall be released if the Court fails to act or if any verdict against him is not unanimous.

13. The right of appeal to the Supreme Court shall not be abridged in any way.

14. The announcement by a defendant of an intent to appeal, acts as an automatic stay of execution of sentence.

15. Certiorari (required forwarding of appeal) shall be mandatory for all defendant appellants.

16. In any court action in which a person shall have been convicted on the basis of evidence which was obtained through the violation of any of the rights enumerated in this Bill of Rights, sentence may not be imposed until the person(s) who violated the said rights shall have been tried, convicted and sentenced. Such evidence must not be suppressed.

17. No conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate.

18. All costs of all court actions shall be borne by the court, unless a jury shall determine other liability based on this Bill of Rights.

19. In any case, no person shall be compelled to pay costs except after conviction on final trial.

20. In no instance shall any accused person before final judgment be compelled to advance money or fees to secure the rights herein guaranteed.

21. Persons inconvenienced by government agents or agencies, if not convicted or held liable by a jury, will be entitled to com- pensation, from the government, for all losses.

22. It is a crime for any judge to fail to dismiss any charge based on a law or statute which violates this Bill of Rights.

23. It is a crime for any judge to impose a punishment for contempt of court without the authority of a jury decision.

24. Judges have no immunity from prosecution for their judicial acts which violate this Bill of Rights and may be punished criminally for deprivation of rights.

SECTION FIVE - MISCELLANEOUS

1. No person shall be imprisoned for the purpose of securing his testimony.

2. No person shall be detained, without his consent, as a witness in any prosecution; nor any longer than may be necessary to take his testimony or deposition; nor be confined in any room where criminals are imprisoned.

3. No person shall be compelled to testify in matters of con- science. No human authority can in any case whatever control or interfere with the rights of conscience.

4. No person shall be rendered incompetent as a witness, in consequence of his opinions on matters of religion.

5. The power of Grand Juries to inquire into the wilful miscon- duct in office of public officers, and to find indictments in con- nection with such inquiries, shall never be suspended or impaired by law.

6. No Grand or Petit Jury shall return an indictment without offering the accused an opportunity to respond to the evidence against him.

7. Grand and Petit Jury hearings shall be private unless the accused shall deem otherwise.

8. All persons shall have direct and easy access to grand and petit juries for the purpose of securing indictments for violations of rights.

9. Should the right to trial by jury be denied to an accused for any reason, the right to be vindicated by a compurgator jury is, and shall remain, inviolate.

---

This universal Bill of Rights has been compiled, edited, expanded, produced and published as a public service by:

CONSTITUTIONAL REVIVAL<br> P.O. Box 3182<br> Enfield, Ct. 06083

Posterity will owe a debt of gratitude to Marvin Antelman, Ralph Lombardi, Andrew Melechinsky, Norman Rochon, Ted Pedemonti and several others for this most important freedom document. This document, or portions thereof, may be reproduced with credit.