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Excerpts from a Bio of Khomeini


Excerpts from a Bio of Khomeini

IMAM KHOMEINI'S RETURN TO IRAN AFTER FOURTEEN YEARS OF EXILE

Early in Bahman, 1357 the news concerning Imam Khomeini's
decision to return to the country was spread. Whoever heard this
news shed tears of joy. The people had been waiting for 14 years.
However the people and friends of the Imam were worried about his
life, for, the Shah'S puppet government was still in power, and
Martial Law still on. Therefore the Imam's friends suggested
postponement of his return until conditions were secure. On the
other hand, the Imam's presence in those conditions among a multi-
million congregation of people, in America's view, meant the certain
end of the Shah's role. Various actions such as threat of sabotaging
the aircraft, or occurrence of coup d'etate were voiced to make the
Imam postpone his return. Even the French President had interceded.
But, Imam Khomeini had made his decision and told, the Iranian
people, through messages. that be among the in those grave and
critical days. The Bakhtiar government, in co-ordination with Gen.
Howizer, closed all airports to foreign flights. A huge crowd from all
over the country poured into Tehran and millions of people took part
in the demonstrations demanding that airports be opened. A number
of clergymen and political personalities took sanctuary in the Tehran
university mosque, pending the opening of the airports. After several
days, the Bakhtiar government, not able to resist, accepted the
people's demand.

Finally, in the morning of 12 Bahman, 1357 (=Feb. 1, 1978) Imam
Khomeini entered his homeland after 14 years exile. The
unprecedented gala reception by people was so grand and
undeniable that Western news agencies, too, had to confess to it, and
estimated the number of welcomers to be 4 to 6 millions. Population
flooded the entire passage from the airport to Behesht-e-Zahra,
burial site of the martyrs of the Revolution, to hear the Imam's
historic words. It was in this speech that Imam Khomeini raised his
voice and said: "I designate a government by the support of this
nation!" Shapur Bakhtiar had, at first, thought these words were a
joke.

But a few days later, Imam Khomeini declared. M. Bazargan as the
premier of the temporary Revolutionary Government (16th Bahman,
1357). . Bazargan was a religious man with a record of oposition
against the Regime. In the movement for nationalisation of the oil
industry, he was involved, and had gained experience. He was
recommended by the Revolutionary Council for the post of prime
minister. In the appointment order, Imam Khomeini had specified
that,. Bazargan was made P.M. without regard to party politics, so as
to make preliminary arrangements for the Referendum and elections.
His holiness the Imam asked the people of Iran to express their
opinion about his choice. People all over the country rose and
demonstrated their support about the decision of the Imam.

Political groups and parties, whose heads and scant members were
freed in several stages by the blessing of the People's Revolution,
were, at the threshold of national victory, voicing their heirdom to
the Revolution and demanding additional portions. It was in these
days that the lining up against the Islamic Revolution, in a spectrum
of those attached to Shah's Regime, members of Savak, Communists
and people's Mujahedin (=monafeqin=hypocrites) was started.

...........................

OVERTHROW OF THE MONARCY SYSTEM AND TRIUMPH
OF THE REVOLUTION (THE YAWMULLAH-GOD'S DAY) OF
22ND BAHMAN (FEBRUARY 2ND).

On the 19th of Bahman, 1357. Air Force personnel swore allegiance
to the Imam, at his residence (the Alavi school in Tehran). Shah's
army

was on the verge of total collapse. Many faithful and religious
soldiers and (N.C.0.s) conscripts, had already left their military
bases by the decree of Imam Khomeini, and had joined the people's
ranks.

On Bahman the 20th, the "Homafaran" rose up, in the most
important air base in Tehran. Royal Guard was cut forth to suppress
them. The people entered the arena in support of the revolutionary
forces. On the 21st of Bahman, police stations and government
centres fell into the hands of the people, one after another. The
Tehran Martial Law Commander, extended the curfew hour to begin
at 4 P.M. Bakhtiar called a Security Council Meeting, and issued
the order of the coup d'etat, arranged by Howzer to take place.
Meanwhile, Imam Khomeini, in a message, asked the people of
Tehran to dash into the streets, to prevent the conspiracy that was
about to take place, and to actually cancel the Martial Law. A flood
of
men, and women, young and old, poured into the streets and began
to build bunkers. The first row of tanks and detachments of
motorised brigade were disbanded by the people, as soon as they
moved from their bases. The coup d'etat was defeated, before it
started. And so, the last stronghold of resistance of the Shah's
Regime was broken up, and at dawn of the 22nd Bahman, the
radiating sun of victory of Imam Khomeini's movement and the
Islamic Revolution dawned and the end of the long-standing system
of oppressive monarchy was declared.

...........................

FORMATION OF ISLAMIC GOVERNMENT VIS-A-VIS THE
OPPOSITION OF COLONIALIST GOVERNMENTS

The realisation of Imam Khomeini's promises, and the triumph of the
Islamic Revolution in Iran, was not an internal event for changing a
political system. Rather, as many American, European and Israeli
statesmen have indicated in their memoirs of those days, the
Revolution was, from their points of view, a devastating earthquake
for the Western world. Not only did America lose a most favourable
geographic, economic and military position, in one of the most
sensitive areas of the world, that had long borderlines with its rival
(the Soviet Union), rather, the waves of this great outburst, severely
shook and demoralised the West-affiliated regimes in the Islamic
and Arab lands. The essential message of the Islamic Revolution had
a cultural nature, and was based on Religious thought and moral
values. The victory of the Islamic Revolution meant exportation of
its message and values, and the setting off of a wave of liberating
moves in the Islamic and third world countries, Simultaneous with
Iran, the U.S. dependent regime of Nicaragua, collapsed. In
Afghanistan, the Soviet government, was obliged to effect a bloody
coup d'etat, military expedition and occupation of the country, in
order to thwart the Islamic move. Peoples of Lebanon and Palestine
celebrated the victory of the Iranian Revolution and reactivated their
jihad or crusade, on lines inspired by the Islamic Revolution. Islamic
movements were revived in Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, Sudan, Saudi
Arabia and Turkey.

After world war 2, a cruel and unfair order imposed its rule on the
world. The various areas of the world were divided between the two
prevailing powers of the East and West, and NATO and the Warsaw
pact military organisations were protectors of this new order. No
movement and reform could be realised, in the third world, outside
this framework, and without attachment to either one of the two
super power poles. Now a revolution had occurred in the
contemporary world, and had triumphed in the secure zone of the
West, while its basic motto was: "Neither East Nor West." The
Imam's Movement in Iran, directly challenged the American
Imperialism and imposed defeat on it. This reality, disarmed the
communists in their anti-imperialism claims. For the first time in
modern era, Religion was posed as a dynamic factor, in the
motivation of nations.

Inspite of all the efforts which were made on international levels to
preserve the Shah's regime and prevent the success of Imam
Khomeini, the Islamic revolution triumphed in its early fights, and it
seemed more of a miracle than an ordinary change. Except for the
Imam and innumerable people, who, apart from common analysis,
believed wholeheartedly, in the words and promises of the Imam, all
political analysts and all those who were involved in the events and
happenings of Iran, thought the victory of the revolution, even in the
last days of the life of the Shah's Regime, would be impossible.

And, so it was, that from early morning of Bahman the 22nd, 1357,
animosity toward the fledgling Islamic order was set off on wide
scale. The opposition front was led by America and the British and
several European governments and all

regimes attached to the west were actively participating in it. The
(former) Soviet union and its satellites, displeased with what had
happened in Iran, that had resulted in the sovereignty of religion,
sided with Americans in many challenges. Outstanding examples of
this unified opposition can be seen in the union of the anti-
Revolutionary left and right forces inside the country. Documentary
evidence of their association with the USSR and USA embassies
were later revealed. More evident than that, was the full co-
ordination of both of these states in arming Saddam and supporting
him in his war against Iran.

However, Imam Khomeini advanced with the logic he had used years
ago, during his solitary period, to start his Movement. He was now
using the same logic to guide the Revolution. His motto was: "The
blood wins over the sword." He believed that if a community
believes in Martyrdom as man's highest stage of spiritual excellence,
and resist pressures for the sake of God, he will surely succeed.
Imam Khomeini meant to present to the world a sample of building a
country with an advanced and healthy Islamic society by mobilising
the entire nation. The jihad or crusade of the nation began under the
name of jihad-e-sazandegi or crusade for reconstruction. Thousands
of specialists and revolutionary forces poured into the deprived areas
of the country, and executive operations for building roads, health
centres, and water and power supply stations began on large scale.
However, in a few days, the waves of alien intrigues and pressures
heightened. America was trying, by the use of its fifth column, to
entangle the Islamic order in domestic or internal problems, and by
fanning disputes, to provide opportunity of its overthrow.

The American embassy in Iran, was, actively trying to gain a
foothold in the temporary government for its future moves by means
of certain elements. They had succeeded in some instances. The
provisional cabinet of Mr. Bazargan's government was composed of
persons, the majority of whom were conservative nationalists. They
were unable to digest and comprehend the conditions and
requirements of the Revolution nor to understand the expedient
guidance of Imam Khomeini. The infirmity of the provisional
government and its spirit of condescension made the anti
revolutionary groups quickly organise by use of foreign aid, and
begin to create disturbances in Gonbad, Kurdistan and other areas.
The Iraq's Baathist regime, frightened by the victory of the Islamic
Revolution , much more than other Arab regimes, began mobilising
anti- Revolution elements in southern provinces of Iran and in
Kurdistan. The U.S. Embassy, and Soviets, by aid of Savakis and
residue of the Shah's regime, instigated communistic groups, and
Mujahedin Khalq (hypocrite) to take molesting measures against the
Revolution. The terrorist Forqan group assassinated Allama Mortiza
Mutahhari on

12/2/1358; Ayatullah Qazi Tabatabai on 10/8/1358; Dr. Muhammad
Mufatteh on 28/9/58; Haj Mahdi Iraqi and his son on 4/6/58 and
general Qarani, Chief of Army Staff on 3/2/58. The group failed in
its attempt on the lives of Mr. Hashemi- Rafsanjani and Mr. Musavi
Ardabili. Imam Khomeini, aware of the intrigues behind the curtain,
was of the opinion that anti-Revolutionary groups be suppressed in
Kurdistan with dispatch. But the provisional government with its
useless negotiations in Kurdistan and lenient conduct with seditious
groups, lost all opportunities, and thus prepared grounds for further
seditious acts. On the other hand the inherited economy was entirely
dependent on the national wealth, that is, oil revenue.

Aware of this, America and Europe, with aid from Saudi Arabia and
its allies in the OPEC, gradually reduced oil prices several times,
and disrupted Iran's oil market considerably. In spite of all such
difficulties Imam Khomeini was not willing to compromise, or, even
take a single step backwards. Rather, by formation of revolutionary
institutions the Imam remedied the weakness of the provisional
government and took other measures to insure the continuation of
the Revolution. 'Re Iranian people stood firm in the arena of the
Revolution. Two months had hardly passed when 98.2% of the
voters in the Referendum held on Farvardin 12, 1358, in one of the
most liberal elections in the history of Iran, voted for the

establishment of the Islamic Republic system. Following this, other
elections were held for the writing and approval of the Constitution
and for electing representatives to the Islamic Consultative
Assembly. To impart solidity to the organs of the Islamic Order and
to set forth the objectives and priorities

of the Islamic government and to encourage people to be present in
the arenas, Imam Khomeini met with, and spoke to, thousands of his
supporters every day in the Faiziyyah School. The Imam went to
Qum from Tehran, after the victory of the Revolution (10th of
Esfand 1357) and stayed there until he came down with heart trouble
(2nd Bahman 1358). Following 39 days of treatment at the Tehran
Heart Hospital, His Holiness the Imam, became, temporarily, lodged
in a house in the Darband area of Tehran and then on the 2nd of
Ordibehesht, 1359, by his own will he moved to a small house
belonging to a clergyman by the name of Hojjatul Islam Seyyed
Mahdi Imam-Jamarani, in the borough of Jamaran, where, he lived
until his ascension.

...........................

THE SECOND REVOLUTION, THE OVERTAKING OF
AMERICAN SPY DEN IN TEHRAN:

Successful elections and extensive participation of Iranian people
made America give up the hope of an imminent fall of the Islamic
Regime, the news of which, was regularly voiced from Western mass
media of communication, and in statements by internal anti-
Revolution agents. America and Europe not only ignored the lawful
demand of the Iranian nation and government for expatriation of the
Shah and return of blocked assets that amounted to 22 billion
dollars, rather, they made available to the fugitives of the Regime,
extensive means to organise themselves, abroad, against the Islamic
Order. The While House intrigues and enmities had angered the
Iranian nation.

In 1358 in the eve of the anniversary of Imam Khomeini's exile to
Turkey (13 of Aban), news of the unannounced meeting of Mr.
Bazargan, in Algeria with Birjinski, the White House National
security advisor reached Iran. On the 13th of Aban a number of
university Muslim forces, named, "Muslim Student followers of the
Imam's line.", occupied the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and after
bereaving the resistance of American riflemen who guarded the
embassy, arrested the American spies. Documents available in the
embassy were gradually published under the title of "Documents of
American Spy Den in Iran". They amounted to 50 volumes. These
incontrovertible documents revealed interference by American and
other countries spying activities in various parts of the world. They
also revealed the names of many spying links and agents of the
U.S.A and various methods and types of spying activities in Iran and
other countries . The occupation of the American embassy, which, in
the vocabulary of Islamic Revolution, is called "Spy Den", was a
great disgrace for America's ruling clique. One day after this
incident, the government of Mr Bazargan fell, subject to acceptance
of his resignation by Imam Khomeini. This rash resignation by head
of the provisional government (Mr. Mahdi Bazargan) was effected in
the hope that Imam Khomeini shows reaction and puts pressure on
the students to vacate the US embassy, but the Imam accepted the
resignation at once, and, thus did not lose the opportunity to effect
the rule of the Revolutionary forces and to sever the hands of the
conservatives who, by their inadequate measures during their short
rule, exposed Iran to anti-Revolutionary riots and uprisings.

Imam Khomeini supported the Revolutionary act of the students and
called it a " revolution greater than the first one." This was true. In
the Revolution that climaxed on Bahman the 22nd, America openly
supported the Shah, in opposition to the Revolution. But now,
documents revealing secret intrigues by the U.S.A and its aides were
being publicised. After this adventure, the Americans used every
means possible to make Iran surrender. Islamic Iran was boycotted
formally by the U.S. and its satellites and seined economically and
politically. The people of Iran, inspired by the

messages of Imam Khomeini, began their hard period of siege, but
did not give in. The plan of operations to liberate the spies failed
with the wondrous happening in the desert of Tabas. On
Ordibehesht the 2nd (April 22), six U.S military C-130 aircraft
descended on a former U.S. military base, in a dessert, in the East of
Iran. This occurred when Bani Sadr was the President of Iran. The
aircraft were scheduled to refuel, and after arrival of 8 tactical
helicopters and carriers, to fly to Tehran, and, with co-operation of
infiltrating agents, to bombard (Bayt-e-lmam) the residence of Imam
and other sensitive places. Suddenly a terrible hurricane occurred
twisting the sands of the desert. A number of the helicopters were
forced to return to the ship Nimitz; some others had to make
emergency landing there about. One helicopter collided with an
aircraft that had already landed, and both,

exploded. 8 American aggressors were killed in this incident. Jimmy
Carter, U.S. president at that time, ordered to stop this out-balanced
unsuccessful attack and called off the operations.


The Shah's death on 5/5/1359 in Egypt actually negated, one of the
conditions of Iran which was to send back the Shah, as the original
criminal for slaughtering the people. At last after 444 days, the spies
were freed by the intercession of Algeria and by approval of the
representatives of the Islamic Consultative Assembly and per
agreement of Algeria signed between Iran and America in which, the
USA committed itself not to interfere in the internal affairs of Iran
and to release the Iranian blocked assets, although Americans never
acted accordingly. The most important result of the occupation of
American Embassy was the cancellation of America's pharoaic awe
and pomp, in addition to insurance of the continuation of the
Revolution; also giving hope to the third world nations that it is
possible to stand and resist the super powers. After this event, the
formidable dread of America on which, material, military and
publicity investments had been made for years, broke down, making
that country face a number of difficulties and crises in the control of
the third world.

During the first presidential elections of Iran (5/11/1358=Jan 25,
1979), while Imam Khomeini

was hospitalised in the Tehran Heart Hospital, Mr. Abul-Hassan
Bani Sadr moved ahead of his rivals (in election). He who had
returned to the homeland when the Revolution was about to triumph,
by presenting his books and making speeches portrayed himself as a
religious, revolutionary person and an outstanding economist. In the
ceremonies for confirming his election as President, Imam Khomeini
said: "I want to point out to Mr. Bani Sadr and to all, to bear in mind
one thing,. Love of the world is the gravest sin.,,32 Mr. Bani Sadr's
personality, motto and his hunger for power prevented him from
using this counsel. Proud with the number of votes he got in the
elections, Mr. Bani Sadr started his work with hostility and dispute
with the Line of Imam faction and he opposed the clergy from the
beginning. Like the provisional government before him, he believed
in compromise and political conniving with powerful states.
Internally, Bani Sadr began to eliminate religious, revolutionary
forces and replacing them with elements affiliated with anti-
revolutionary groups. During his presidency, the Iranian territory
was occupied through aggression by Iraq. Elements attached to the
President who figured their survival is geared to increased
difficulties and crises of the Islamic Order, used Bani Sadr's title as
commander-in-chief of all military forces, sabotaged the affairs
related to defence and repellence of the enemy. They made attempts
to prevent mobilisation of people's forces and the Sepah-e Pasdarane
Inqilab Islami (= Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps). National
unity was endangered by Bani Sadr's promotion of friction.

At last in a brief order dated Khordad 20, 1360 Imam Khomeini
removed him from the post of Commander-in-chief of all Forces, and
in the wake of this, the Islamic Consultative Assembly ruled him
incompetent. With the fall of Bani Sadr members and supporters of
the Mujahedin Khalq (Monafeqin=hypocrites) who, after the victory
of the Revolution, had taken the opportunity of government's
weakness and the support by Bani Sadr, and had expanded their
organisation, began to rebel, and they performed seditious acts on
the 30th of Khordad, 1360. A few hours later the people of Tehran
suppressed the insurgents and arrested some of them. From this date
on, the hypocrites or Monafeqin openly began their destructive and
terrorism or sabotage acts while their heads and leaders concealed
themselves in "team-houses." The Islamic Republic Party led the list
of their terrorism target attacks. This party was formed after the
triumph of the Revolution by the efforts of grandees such as
Ayatullah Khamenei, Dr. Beheshti, Dr. Bahonar, Mr. Hashemi-
Rafsanjani and Mr. Musavi Ardebili. The aim was to organise those
faithful to the Path of the Imam to counteract the tricks and moves of
the anti-Revolutionary political groups. The Party, being supported
morally by Imam Khomeini, very soon found very many supporters
all over the country and was regarded as a major obstacle to Anti-
Revolutionary 160 agents, On the 6th of Tir, 1360 a bomb was
exploded in the Abazar Mosque of Tehran in which, Ayatullah
Khamenei was wounded during his speech. The next day, a great
calamity took place; 72 of the most efficient elements of the Islamic
system and Imam Khomeini's friends including head

of the Supreme Court (Dr. Beheshti), a number of cabinet ministers
and representatives of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, a number
of members of the Judicial Power, some thinkers, writers and
revolutionary force elements, were martyred by an explosion of
bomb at the headquarters of the Islamic Republic Party. The
powerful bomb was planted there by infiltrating agents of the
Monafeqin or hypocrites.

Two months later, on the 8th of Shahrivar, 1360, Mr Muhammad-Ali
Rejai, a popular figure of the Iranian people, who, after dismissal of
Bani Sadr, was elected as President of the Republic by the people,
and Hojjatul-lslam Muhammad-Javad Bahonar (The P.M.), were
martyred by explosion of a bomb in their offices. The decisiveness
by which, Imam Khomeini rapidly selected replacements for Rejai
and for those whose places were voided on the management level,
was very effective in rearranging the affairs and for disappointing the
enemy, and had surprised the world news agencies and political
circles.

Were it not for the faith, and the wondrous firmness of Imam
Khomeini and the alertness of the faithful people of Iran, each one of
these events could overpower the Islamic Order. However, the
soothing messages and speeches by Imam Khomeini, right after each
event, made it possible to withstand the catastrophes, and cemented
the decision of the people to continue in their path. Following the
martyrdom of Dr. Beheshti, people were crying out loud: "What dose
America think of, Iran is full of Beheshtis!" This slogan was derived
from the Imam's words which revealed the hidden hand of the real
enemy, i.e. America in these of terrorism. On the other hand, the
Imam, from the start of his movement, had regularly taught the
people that the Islamic Revolution is not dependent on individuals,
no matter how effective and high-ranking they might be. The
Protector of the Revolution is: "God and the Faith of God-seeking
people! "

One of the major successes of Imam Khomeini was the enhancement
of people's awareness, understanding and sense of responsibility, as
well as, their ability to analyse daily political problems. For years,
the western mass media means had been saying, in their analysis,
that disintegration of the Islamic Order is inevitable, after the death
of the Imam. These views had been taken up, argued and confirmed
even in the analytic seminars of western thinkers and, in the political
negotiations of these statesmen, and the internal anti-Revolution
groups had prepared themselves for such time. But the world
witnessed that, after ascension of Imam Khomeini to High Heaven,
there was no sign, whatever, of realisation of the expectations of the
enemies and their hopes went with winds. The reason is exactly as
pointed out. Imam Khomeini had so revived and retrained a
generation, that in the past had become languid, shiftless, hopeless
and unconcerned by the treason and autocracy during the 50-year
reign of the Pahlavi dynasty, that they were able, in a short time, to
change their previous social customs and relations and the anti-
values that had long remained in the corners of their lives, to the new
ideals. Proof of this is the several hundreds of thousands of youth
who, for 8 years, voluntarily fought the Iraqi aggressors in a state of
high morality and sacrificed their lives with full awareness. The
printed wills of the martyrs contain innumerable instances and
criteria of their understanding, faith and morality. These were the
ones who, until a few years before the victory of the Revolution,
were exposed to all sorts of vice and corruption and false
propaganda and narcotic attractions.

For those who have not sensed the society of the Imam Khomeini's
time, the assertion of these points may seem exaggeration of realities
and ascribe it to excessive love for Imam Khomeini. However, so
many live proofs and self explanatory evidences and documents
exist, that, to establish and prove it, there is no need for debates and
arguments. In the culture of the Religious society of Iran those who
have given sons in support of Imam Khomeini's ideal are
congratulated, even today, rather than being offered condolences.
here are still many parents in Iran who have given several sons in the
path of the Imam and who, when asked about their feelings, they
regard their sacrifices as great honour for their families and as
blessings from God. It may seem unbelievable to the Westerners how
parents may divulge the hiding place of their delinquent sons to law
enforcing agencies, but the fact is that, the hiding places of many
agents of anti-revolution were reported by mothers and fathers who
were attached and committed to the Revolution and the Imam and
thus, these parents participated in the arrest of their children. The
significance of this point becomes more evident when we consider
the deep emotional relations in Iranian families, which, is in no way
comparable to the cold and spiritless family ties of the West. Even
now if one asks any one of the tens of thousands of fighters, who
can recall their war front memories, about his hardest day at the
front, invariably, he'll point to the day the UN Resolution was
accepted (for cease-fire). It is impossible to describe, in words, the
uncontrollable feelings and heart-rending sorrow of the Basijis on
that day. One must have seen the scenes in order to believe it. They
felt that way because they feared losing the opportunity of being
martyred and the door to paradise be closed on them.

Effecting such spiritual change on the level of a society, and
generating waves of Islamism in the soul of a great Ummat, is no
easy, ordinary task.

Lebanon and the epic event of the Hizbullah (lit., the Party of God)
of that country is another example of the change mentioned above.
Contrary to Western propaganda, it wasn't the involvement of and
support by Iran that caused such resistance, because America,
Europe and (former) Soviet Union had had detect and extensive
presence in that country. American University of Beirut had been
166 active for years. America and Europe sent troops to Lebanon
when conflicts and fights occurred in Lebanon. Until lately Lebanon
was called the West's great political market in the Middle East.
What made the people of Lebanon, though, numerically less in
comparison to its enemies, and with insignificant defence means, put
up such resistance, and fight so dauntlessly, that Western military
forces formally fled from the scenes and were compelled to vacate
the country? And now, inspite of severe economic straits, the
frequent attacks and bombardments by Israel, the Hizbullah has
imposed its identity on the West and continues its resistance. The
reason is; Lebanese Muslims, due

to their cultural and religious background, came to know Imam
Khomeini and understand his message, much sooner than other
Islamic lands. Next, we observe the same signs in Palestine with the
emergence of the Hamas Movement and revival of Islamic moves in
other Islamic Countries. In all these lands we are witness to the
effects of Imam's thought and message directly.

Such changes are not only the result of Imam Khomeini's political
thoughts and method of opposition. The Imam's humanism sociology
and his educational school have been at work preparing the grounds
for these political changes. Unfortunately, the dimensions of Imam's
views and out look, on mankind, and on the society, and history,
and, his educational issues, have not yet, been recognised and
edited. The Imam Khomeini's educational and sociological schools
have nothing in common with all that, under these titles is taught, in
the universities of the third world and in Islamic countries.

Imam Khomeini's Movement is based on the conduct of the prophets.
It is that system, which, makes outstanding personalities, like
Abuzar and Salman, from isolated, oppressed slaves, and from men
of the pagan society; it develops pioneers of Islamic culture and
civilisation. This method has been forgotten in the present age. What
we know, today, as human sciences, is a definition of mankind and
his relations within different categories, from non-inspirational
points of view of Western liberalism and humanism, which, in itself,
is a development of the Renaissance and the result of self-ignorance
and adoption of the essentiality of materialism and the rule of
machine over man.

Let me go back to the main topic which is the guidance of the
Revolution in the post-Revolutionary turbulent years. After the
tragedy of the 7th Tir, 1360, and the martyrdom of scores of Imam
Khomeini's friends and aides and authorities of the order of Islamic
Republic, heads of the Munafeqin Group accompanied by the
deposed President, fled to Paris, disguised as women and aided by
infiltrating agents; at the airport. Their pilot was the one trusted by
the Shah who piloted the Shah's aircraft on his last flight from the
country. In sharp contrast with its claim to human rights and anti-
terrorism, the French government, gave refuge to persons who
formally accepted the responsibility of terrorism, including

explosion of bombs in public places. Hence forth, the Hypocrites
were placed under protection by European countries and the USA
During Iraq's war with Iran, the Hypocrites or Monafeqin, by a
special deal with Saddam, transferred their main base of operations
to Iraq, and throughout the war, they formally acted as spies and
hired hands, and made their facilities available to the Baathist army.
Their essential job was to gather information from Iranian war fronts
and hand over such information about missiles that were aimed at
Iranian residential areas in cities and other sites. They also
participated in the interrogation of Iranian prisoners of war and in
Iraqi military operations.

Major military efforts by the Hypocrites or Mujahedin to enter Iran
in 1367, and after peace between Iran and Iraq, in what was termed
the

"Mersad Operations" were badly defeated and the hired migrants fled
back into Iraqi territory leaving more than one thousand, killed.
What is propagated in the world, by agencies affiliated with
America, in the name of violation of human rights by Iran, is mainly
echoing the claims of this group (Mujahedin Khalq) and is meant to
justify the protection given to them by the Western governments.

The Munafeqin are the most hateful criminals in the eyes of the
people of Iran whose crimes surpassed those of the famous criminals
of the contemporary history of Iran. In addition to 72 most popular
personalities of the Islamic Order killed in the explosion of the
headquarters of the Islamic Republic Party and the martyrdom of the
President and prime minister of Iran; other outstanding personalities
were taken away from the people of Iran by the terrorism of
Monafeqin. These, including the assassinations of Ayatullah
Sadooqi, the Imam Joma of Yazd (11/4/61);

Ayatullah Ashrafi Isfahani, the Imam Joma of Kermanshah (23/7/61
Ayatullah Dastghaib, the Imam Joma of Shiraz (20/9/60); Ayatullah
Madani, the Imam Joma of Tabriz (20/6/60); Ayatullah Qoddoosi
and general Dastjirdi (14/6/60); Hojjatul-Islam Hashemi-Nejad
(7/7/60); and scores of other spiritual personalities each of whom
ruled in the

hearts of the people in some vast area of Iran, and all key persons in
the Imam Khomeini Movement. In addition to political, religious
figures and authorities of the Islamic Order, many people of the
streets and the bazaar were martyred by acts of terrorism and
explosions, which the Monafeqin made, in public places, whose
guilt was defending and guarding their Revolution. (The last case
was the killing of two Christian priests, also the explosion of bomb
on the Day of Ashura by the side of the holy shrine of Hazrat Imam
Reza (a.s.) in the current year 1373)

It is interesting to note that vis-?-vis all these tragic happenings, the
U.S. and European governments, as well as, international
Organisations, not only remained silent, but, they provided shelter
for the terrorists and survival means for these criminals. Previously,
too, in contrast with their claims, in the process of killings by the
Shah's elements, they had assumed similar position. It was exactly
for this reason that, either before or after the victory of the
Revolution, Imam Khomeini never placed the basis of his
evaluations and positions on judgement of alien governments or on
the positions assumed by international agencies. He often stated that
the UN, the security Counsel, and the agency to Defend Human
Rights, are nothing but tools at the disposal of international
Domination. Just as the claims of communists and Soviets
(formerly), about liberalism and challenge against imperialism is
only voiced for the same purpose. Even Imam Khomaini has
presented an interesting criterion, on the basis of these realities, to
the authorities of the Islamic Order, saying that "'The day when such
societies as, America and the Western world praised you and
voluntarily accepted your existence and the Revolution, that is the
day you must doubt the validity of your path and the correctness of
your positions.
...........................

THE IMPOSED WAR AND THE 8DEFENSE OF THE IMAM
AND IRANIAN NATION: The failure of plans to overthrow the
Islamic Republic Order by means of economic and political
blockade, pursued by the U.S.A, everywhere in the world, and its
defeat in the operations of the

Tabas Desert or (sahra) after occupation of the Spy Den, and failure
in Kurdistan attempts, made the ruling class of America in 1359, to
consider a full-fledged military course. Power-Balance between East
and West, was a condition that prevented unilateral action by the
USA On the other hand, the world public opinion that had become
acquainted with the activities of Imam Khomeini in France, and with
post-Revolutionary events of Iran, had become familiar with Iranian
problems and the rightfulness of the position of this country,
effected sympathy with the people of Iran and therefore conditions
for direct military campaign to Iran and its justification was not
favourable. Also, political conditions of the time and shaky
conditions of the Ruling Regimes in the Persian Gulf region did not
permit such action. Declaring Iraq as the one who started the war,
was a well calculated account. This country was deemed an ally of
the Soviet Union and the Eastern Block and involvement of Iraq with
Iran would naturally place the Soviets and the Eastern Block by the
side of America and Europe, who supported Iraq, and would
obliterate probable tensions. Iraq was the second country in the
region from the point of view of military personnel and equipment
and, if necessary, could, for a long time, manage to fight and carry
on a war with Iran depending on its national wealth and the help of
reactionary Arab states, without the presence of American and
European forces. In the initial plans of America and Saddam, a long
drawn war had not been proposed and it was expected that, in the
first few days of fighting, Iran and its Revolution would have met
their fate.

The power-hungry spirit of Saddam and former border disputes
between the two countries, too, presented ideal conditions to
America to show green light to Saddam for aggression and military
occupation of Iran. If during the years of fighting, the world could
not accept the proof and documents presented by Iran, proving that
America, in-line with Europe and the Soviet Union have been the
real cause of the war, later on, during the oil war, in which, America
stood vis-?-vis Iraq, published documents and confessions, drew
aside the curtain and concealed facts were revealed.

`Anyway on 31st, Shahrivar, 1359 the Iraqi army strutted its
expansionist aggression against Iran. All along the 1280 Kilometres
of border line from the northern point to Bandar (port) of
Khorramshahr and Abadan, Iraq forces moved in, and occupied
Iranian territory. Iraqi aircraft bombarded the Tehran airport and
other (sites) at 14:00 hours, the same day. Saddam's war machines
that had been readied since long, by the help of French government,

and the Ammunition manufacturing cartels of America and England
as well as Russian military equipment, trespassed upon Iran, and
rapidly advanced Kilometres inside Iranian territory and occupied
vast areas all along, belonging to 5 Iranian provinces. The brave
initial resistance of border guards was soon defeated for lack of
information, preparedness and of equipment and military force. The
Baathis army were ruthless and savage-like in breaking the
resistance. Cities, towns and villages existing in the occupied areas
were quickly raised down into piles of dirt and dust. More than
100000 people were made homeless.

The Iranian army being seriously damaged during the revolution, was
undergoing a reconstruction.

Thousands of foreign military specialists, mainly Americans who
during the time of the Shah, had made the army, severely, dependant
on themselves in all areas, had left during the Revolution. Many of
the complicated instruments and modern aircraft and advanced
missiles that were purchased by Iranian money, were in the last few
days of the Shah's reign transferred to U.S. with a two-month effort
by Gen. Howizar. The newly formed Sepah (lit army) of the
Revolutionary Guards Corps, formed by the order of Imam
Khomeini, was at its early stage and lacked power, equipment, and
sufficient experience. During the early days of the war Saddam
Hosein, utilising the Information given by America, France and the
fifth Column agents, very well knew these .weak points and,
therefore, had even prepared maps for a greater Iraq, in which,
Khuzistan totally and parts of Western provinces, of Iran were
included in the new map of Iraq. He was certain that the Islamic
Order could not resist such military expedition and would soon fall,
and the arrogant world will support him.

The spread or broadcast of the news about the Iraqi war against Iran,
with all its importance met with death-like silence by all
international Centres and world powers. This meaningful silence and
spiteful animosity of the world powers against the Islamic Republic
of Iran and the interior realities of the country and the wide military
abilities used by the Baathists, all in all, created conditions that
made it very difficult to make decision. Iran was facing a fait
accompli, and had but two alternatives to choose: either resist in an
unequal war with dimensions and outcomes that seemed dark and
confused, or, submit to American desires in order to get it to make
Saddam Vacate the lands and retreat, and in the long run, to forsake
the Revolution and Islam.

These conditions, however harsh, were unable to make Imam
Khomeini hesitate about his duty. He believed intuitively, in: "Many
a small party has, by Allah's grace, vanquished a host. Allah is with
the stead fast" (The Quran, Sure The Cow, verse 249) and had
ambulated the moral steps to "annihilation in God,,34, years before
he assumed leadership of the Ummat. He had taught the theory of the
"Asfar Arbaeh,35 (Lit. the Four Peripatetic Journeys) on the hejira
or migration of the perfect man, and had, actually, experienced these
journeys, himself, completely. Imam Khomeini has included in the
texts of his "Practical Code" the decrees of (Jihad) crusade and
defence as divine duties that cannot be neglected. Anyone
acquainted with the Imam's past life and the (sayr) (peripatetic
journey) of the gradual perfection process of his personality, can
guess beforehand, which course or road he will select at this
junction, and with what outlook!

The earliest or first reactions of Imam Khomeini and his first
messages and lectures in relation to Iraqi army aggression, do much
to demonstrate his personality, and the mode of his command. Here,
however, is not the place to elaborate on those points, nor to touch
on their delicacy and special exclusive features. The Imam
Immediately ordered resistance. In his early analysis, he declared
America, as the real perpetrator of the war, and supporter and
instigator of Saddam, and he frankly assured the people that, if they
defend for God's sake and regard it a religious duty to do so, the
enemy will surely, be defeated, although all visible parameters point
otherwise. The day after the start of Iraqi invasion, in a statement to
the Iranian nation, Imam Khomeini, in seven short but thorough and
exact paragraphs, drew up the techniques for managing the affair of
the war and of the country in war-time. He, next, in several messages
to the Iraqi nation and army, sent an ultimatum, and, thereafter,
began the guidance and supervision of the difficult task of the long,
8-year war with unprecedented management.

During the first few days of the war, tens of thousands of volunteers,
by message of Imam Khomeini, went to the fronts to aid the regular
military forces there. In the first instance, the advance of the enemy
was halted by the sacrifices of Islamic fighters. The fight was
incredibly unequal. As ever, Imam Khomeini's reliance was on God,
and on God-seeking men. With a series of speeches and repeated
messages, he prepared the people for a hard and long war. Per
Quranic teaching, His Holiness the Imam believed in continuation of
defence, until cessation of aggression, and punishment of the
aggressor. A few days after the start of the war, addressing Muslim
Ambassadors to Iran, the Imam said: "We are defenders of Islam and,
a Muslim defends with his life, assets and dear ones, and we shall
not desist!" At this meeting and by letters and messages to the heads
of Islamic states, he asked them, that, even if they consider Saddam a
Muslim, they must obey the decree of the holy Quran, which
requires Muslims to fight an aggressor until he returns to command
of God and stops aggressiveness.
 
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